STEPS IN THE READING PROCESS

After
During Reading
Before Reading
Reading
BEFORE READING
Determine which type of academic text (article, review, thesis,
etc.) you are reading.
Determine and establish your purpose for reading.
Identify the author’s purpose for writing.
Predict or infer the main idea of the text based on its title.
State what you already know and what you want to learn
about the topic.
Check the publication date for relevant. It should have been
published at most five years earlier than the current year.
DURING READING

Annotate important parts of the text.

Annotating-can help you determine the
essential ideas or information, main ideas or
arguments, new information or ideas.
• Write the key words or phrases, brief notes on the
margins in bullet form.
• Write questions on information that you find
confusing.
• Comment on the author’s biases.
• Write what you already know about the ideas.
• Use a concept map or any graphic organizer.
• React on the arguments presented.
• Underline important words, phrases or sentences.
• Underline or circle meanings or definitions.
• Mark or highlight relevant/essential parts of the text.
• Create a bank of unfamiliar or technical words.
• Synthesize the author’s arguments at the end of the
chapter or section.
• Determine the main idea of the text.
• Identify the evidence or supporting arguments
presented by the author and check their validity and
relevance.
 TIPS DURING READING
Read out loud – engaging additional senses improves
comprehension and helps pinpoint when & where
disconnections occur
Speed up or slow down reading speed
Re-read a passage or section of text
Be sure to look at the pictures, graphs, and other visuals
Continue reading even if you are a little confused;
sometimes additional examples will help clarify meaning
 AFTER READING
• Reflect on what you learned.
• React on some parts of the text through
writing.
• Discuss some parts with your teacher or
classmates.
• Link the main idea of the text to what
 SQ3R METHOD OF READING
Survey (Skim)
Skim the target text.
Check the headings and tables,
diagrams or figures.
Read the first few and last
sentences.
Get a feel of the text.
Question
Annotate the headings with your
questions.
Develop questions on the types
of information you expect from
the text.
• Read
Look for answers to your questions.
Stop and slow down if the passage is not clear.
Make sure to proceed reading only when you already
understand the previous texts.
• Recite (Recall)
Recount the main points.
Recall by writing a summary or synthesis based on what you
understand.
Highlight or underline the important points you read.
• Review
Go back and re-read the questions you wrote and see if you
answer them.
Evaluate what you learned to ensure that you are convinced
and satisfied with the information presented in the text.
KWL METHOD
K W L
What I What I What I
Know Want to Have
Learn Learned