THE CREATIVE WORKS IN THE

LITERARY AND/OR SOCIO-

POLITICAL CONTEXT
COMMON CRITICAL
APPROACHES IN ANALYZING
LITERARY PIECES
A. CULTURAL STUDIES
This is a multi-disciplinary approach
which includes the perspectives of
humanistic disciplines such as literature and
art and the social and behavioural sciences
such as anthropology, economics, and
psychology.
CULTURAL STUDIES
Literary pieces that can be studied using Cultural
Studies include the following:
1. Blue Blood of the Big Astana by Ibrahim Jubaira
2. Surveyors of the Liguasan Marsh by Antonio
Enriquez
3. We Filipinos Are Mild Drinkers by Alejandro
Roces
B. NEW HISTORICAL
PERSPECTIVES
provides a context or background
information on how literary works were
perceived in their time
how literary works reflect ideas and
attitudes of the time in which they were
written
C. MARXIST PERSPECTIVE

examines literature for its reflections

of how dominant elites exploit
subordinate groups, how people become
“alienated” from each other, and how
middle-class values lead to the control
and suppression of the working classes.
C. MARXIST PERSPECTIVE
It sees literature’s value in promoting
social and economic revolution and
considers the literary work as a “product”
in relation to the actual economic and
social conditions that exist at the time of
the work’s composition or the time and
place of the action it describes.
D. FEMINIST PERSPECTIVE
sees literature as an arena in which to
contest for power and control and thus an
agent for social transformation.
examines the social, economic, and
cultural aspects of literary works especially
for what those works reveal about the role,
position, and influence of women.
OTHER GENRE OF
LITERATURE
ESSAY
came from the French word “essais”
(Cantular, 2011)
TYPES OF ESSAYS

1. SPECULATIVE
This type needs to explore ideas and
feelings. It is less organized, less
authoritative, and less insistent in its
presentation for it simply projects the
mind of the writer.
TYPES OF ESSAYS

2. ARGUMENTATIVE
This essay presents claims and ideas in a
straightforward manner. Its main intent is
to establish a point by supporting it with
evidence, data, and information.
TYPES OF ESSAYS

3. NARRATIVE
This essay relates an incident as it
happened. It is unlike fiction since its
intention is the conveyance of
idea/insight based on an event
TYPES OF ESSAYS

4. EXPOSITORY
This essay has the purpose of
expounding and making something clear
for the readers.
PATTERNS/ METHODS OF
ORGANIZATION
A. CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER
arranges information according to a
progression of time, either forward or
backward.
PATTERNS/ METHODS OF
ORGANIZATION
B. ORDER OF IMPORTANCE
ideas or steps are prioritized by the
writer or speaker according to a hierarchy
of value
PATTERNS/ METHODS OF
ORGANIZATION
C. SEQUENTIAL ORDER
similar to a chronological pattern but
arranges information according to a
step-by-step sequence that describes a
particular process
PATTERNS/ METHODS OF
ORGANIZATION
D. SPATIAL ORDER
arranges information according to how
things fit together in physical space; i.e.,
where one thing exists in relation to
another.
PATTERNS/ METHODS OF
ORGANIZATION
E. COMPARISON AND CONTRAST
ORDER
arranges information according to how
two or more things are similar to or
different from one another (or both).