BUILDING

NEGATIVE
PEACE
By: Sari Mutiara Aisyah
PREVENTING WAR
Introduction

• Most people readily give lip service to peace, but perhaps at some level, they haven’t really de-
sired it as fervently as they claim
• 20th century, with its enormous capacity for devastation, directly responsible for fewer than 2% of
all human deaths, also indirect casualties of war, since war and preparation for war divert re-
sources
that might be directed against other causes of death, such as disease and starvation.
• 1500-1942: nearly one formally declared war per year
• 1900-1965: 350, five per year
• Lewis Richardson: 59 million death from human violence 1820-1946
• Death directly attribute to disease
Cont’

 There is no shortage of proposed solution to the problem of war

 Perhaps the simplest can be derived from the so-called “war on drugs”, or efforts to promote
celibacy “just say NO”, but once again it turn out to be no solution at all
 Perhaps the problem is that no one solution has been pushed hard, war still be with us, cause
these various solution have not been attempted in the right combination or with the right nuance
 St. Agustine: War is waged, so that peace may prevail

It is a greater glory to slay war with a word than people with a sword, and to gain peace by
means of peace and not by means of war
THE MORAL EQUIVALENT OF WAR

• Will Durant was once asked if he could summarize the history of the world in
five minutes, he could do in even less time: “history books describe the
history world as a river red with blood”
• The war against war is going to be no Holiday.
GETTING TO YES (ROGER FISHER)

Myth: Our current culture of militarism is that war and preparation for war are
natural and unavoidable, whereas peace and preparation for peace are
hopelessly unrealistic activities

The active field of non violent conflict resolution offers an interesting

examples of applying peace studies to interpersonal behavior, as well as to inter-
national affairs

Negotiations, however can succeed only if there is a set of outcomes that each
party prefers over reaching no agreement. Trick: to find a peaceful outcome that
will be acceptable to all sides.
Cont’

Way to facilitate the trick: by the involvement of highly trained Third Parties, who
may arbitrate disputes (lay down a judgement which the contenders have
previously pledged to accept), or serve as mediators, whose role is to help the
disputants clarify the issues and come to agreement.

Straightforward method of negotiation that can be used under almost any

circumstance
People: Separate the people from the problem
Interests: Focus on interests, not positions
Options: Generate a variety of possibilities before deciding what to do
Criteria: Insist that the result be based on some objective standard
SOLUTION:
Change the Game-Negotiate on the Merits
PRINCIPLED

Participants are problem-solvers

The goal is a wise outcome reached efficiently and amicably
Separate the people from the problem
Be soft on the people, hard on the problem
Proceed independent of trust
Focus on interests, not position
Explore interest
Avoid having a bottom line
Invent option for mutual gain
Develop multiple options to choose from; decide later
Insist on objective criteria
Try to reach a result based on standards independent of will
Reason and be open to reasons; yield to principle, not pressure