GLOBAL

RELIGION
INTRODUCTIO
N
Global religions are a collection of various belief
systems followed by people worldwide, deeply
impacting cultures and societies. These faiths, like
Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, among
others, influence the morals and spirituality of billions,
offering distinct views on life, ethics, and the universe.
With diverse traditions and histories, they significantly
shape human identities and societies, affecting art,
philosophy, governance, and social structures globally.
DEFINITION OF RELIGION
Religion, human beings’ relation to that which they
regard as holy, sacred, absolute, spiritual, divine, or
worthy of especial reverence. It is also commonly
regarded as consisting of the way people deal with
ultimate concerns about their lives and their fate after
death. It also includes various beliefs, ceremonies,
traditions, and organized structures designed to give
answers about the meaning and significance of life, and
our existence.
 MAJOR
RELIGIONS
 Christianity, originating from the life, teachings, and
crucifixion of Jesus Christ in the 1st century CE, has
become the world's largest religion, with roughly 2.4 billion
followers. Major branches include the Roman Catholic
Church, Eastern Orthodox churches, and Protestant
denominations. The Oriental Orthodox churches, among the
oldest Christian traditions, were estranged from Western and
Eastern Christianity for centuries due to a theological
dispute about Christology.

CHRISTIANITY
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TEACHINGS WIDESPREA RISE OF WORLD

OF CHRIST DChrist was
After Jesus VARIATIONS DOMINATIO
Originated after the crucified, the teachings Major branches include the ChristianityNhas become
crucifixion of Jesus of Christianity began to Roman Catholic Church, the world's largest
Christ in the 1st century spread across the world. Eastern Orthodox religion, with roughly
AD churches, and Protestant 2.4 billion followers.
denominations.
 From the very beginning of Islam, Muhammad had inculcated a
sense of brotherhood and a bond of faith among his followers, both
of which helped to develop among them a feeling of close
relationship that was accentuated by their experiences of
persecution as a nascent community in Mecca. The strong
attachment to the tenets of the Qurʾānic revelation and the
conspicuous socioeconomic content of Islamic religious practices
cemented this bond of faith. In 622 CE, when the Prophet migrated
to Medina, his preaching was soon accepted, and the community-
state of Islam emerged.

ISLAM
During this early period, Islam acquired its characteristic ethos as a
religion uniting in itself both the spiritual and temporal aspects of
life and seeking to regulate not only the individual’s relationship to
God (through conscience) but human relationships in a social
setting as well. Thus, there is not only an Islamic religious
institution but also an Islamic law, state, and other institutions
governing society. Not until the 20th century were the religious
(private) and the secular (public) distinguished by some Muslim
thinkers and separated formally in certain places such as Turkey.

ISLAM
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ISLAM ORIGIN WIDESPREA RELIGION 2ND BIG FISH

Early in Islam, Devotion toDthe Qurʾān's AND SOCIETY 2nd largest religion after
Muhammad fostered teachings and societal In its early days, Islam chirstianity with
unity and faith among his aspects strengthened united spiritual and worldly approximately 1.8
life, regulating both personal
followers, creating a faith. In 622 CE, faith and societal
billion followers.
close-knit relationship, Muhammad's preaching connections. Later, some
especially amidst Meccan formed the Islamic Muslims separated religious
persecution community in Medina. and secular matters.
Hinduism, major world religion originating on the Indian subcontinent
and comprising several and varied systems of philosophy, belief, and
ritual. Although the name Hinduism is relatively new, having been
coined by British writers in the first decades of the 19th century, it
refers to a rich cumulative tradition of texts and practices, some of
which date to the 2nd millennium BCE or possibly earlier. If the Indus
valley civilization (3rd–2nd millennium BCE) was the earliest source
of these traditions, as some scholars hold, then Hinduism is the oldest
living religion on Earth.

HINDUISM
 Its many sacred texts in Sanskrit and vernacular languages served
as a vehicle for spreading the religion to other parts of the world,
though ritual and the visual and performing arts also played a
significant role in its transmission. From about the 4th century CE,
Hinduism had a dominant presence in Southeast Asia, one that
would last for more than 1,000 years. In the early 21st century,
Hinduism had nearly one billion adherents worldwide and was the
religion of about 80 percent of India’s population. Despite its
global presence, however, it is best understood through its many
distinctive regional manifestations.

HINDUISM
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ORIGIN EARLY BIRD EXPANSION 3RD TYRANT

Hinduism, a significant If the Indus valley Numerous sacred texts in 3rd largest religion with
civilization (3rd–2nd Sanskrit and local languages
global faith emerging whopping 1.4 billion
millennium BCE) was the helped propagate Hinduism
from India, encompasses followers.
earliest source of these globally, alongside the
diverse philosophies, traditions, as some impact of ritual and visual
beliefs, and rituals with scholars hold, then arts. By the 4th century CE,
ancient origins. Hinduism is the oldest Hinduism became prominent
in Southeast Asia for over
living religion on Earth.
1,000 years.
 Buddhism, religion and philosophy that developed from the
teachings of the Buddha (Sanskrit: “Awakened One”), a
teacher who lived in northern India between the mid-6th and
mid-4th centuries BCE (before the Common Era). Spreading
from India to Central and Southeast Asia, China, Korea, and
Japan, Buddhism has played a central role in the spiritual,
cultural, and social life of Asia, and, beginning in the 20th
century, it spread to the West.

BUDDHISM
 Pali forms are given in the sections on the core teachings of early
Buddhism that are reconstructed primarily from Pali texts and in
sections that deal with Buddhist traditions in which the primary sacred
language is Pali. Sanskrit forms are given in the sections that deal with
Buddhist traditions whose primary sacred language is Sanskrit and in
other sections that deal with traditions whose primary sacred texts were
translated from Sanskrit into a Central or East Asian language such as
Tibetan or Chinese. Buddha – is not a name, it is a title which means
awakened one. It refers to those people who have awoken and achieved
buddhahood without the help of a teacher.

BUDDHISM
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ORIGIN OBJECTIVES IT IS A TITLE, 4TH OF THE

one of the major world They focus on achieving NOT A NAME BIG FOUR
religions. Buddhism is a enlightenment a state of Buddha is not a name but It is estimated that as
religion based on the inner piece and wisdom. it is a title which means many as 506 million
teachings of the Buddha. The path to awakened one. It refers to people around the world
enlightenment is those people who have practice Buddhism as a
awoken and achieved
attained by utilizing religion.
buddha-hood without the
morality mediation and help of a teacher.
wisdom.
Taoism (also spelled Daoism) is a religion and a philosophy
from ancient China that has influenced folk and national
belief. Taoism has been connected to the philosopher Lao
Tzu, who around 500 B.C.E. wrote the main book of
Taoism, the Tao Te Ching. Taoism holds that humans and
animals should live in balance with the Tao, or the universe.
Taoists believe in spiritual immortality, where the spirit of
the body joins the universe after death.

TAOISM
 The Tao Te Ching, or “The Way and Its Power,” is a collection of
poetry and sayings from around the third and fourth centuries
B.C.E. that guides Taoist thought and actions. While the author is
traditionally believed to be the philosopher Lao Tzu, there is little
evidence that Lao Tzu existed at all. Rather, the Tao Te Ching is a
gathering of earlier sayings from many authors. This book was
given an origin with the philosopher Lao Tzu for cultural and
political reasons. Lao Tzu is sometimes understood as the image of
the Tao, or a god, and given legendary status.

TAOISM
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ORIGIN PRACTICES WISDOM 8.7M

Taoism has been Taoism teaches living in The Tao Te Ching, or “The Way PRACTITION
connected to the harmony with the
and Its Power,” is a collection of
poetry and sayings. Yin and ERReligion
The World
philosopher Lao Tzu, universe for humans and Yang is that the universe is Database estimates there
who around 500 B.C.E. animals. It embraces governed by a cosmic duality,
are about 8.7 million
sets of two opposing and
wrote the main book of spiritual immortality complementing principles or Taoists.
Taoism, the Tao Te through unity with the cosmic energies that can be
Ching. cosmos post-death. observed in nature.
 Confucianism is a philosophy and belief system from ancient
China, which laid the foundation for much of Chinese culture.
Confucius was a philosopher and teacher who lived from 551 to
479 B.C.E. His thoughts on ethics, good behavior, and moral
character were written down by his disciples in several books, the
most important being the Lunyu. Confucianism believes in
ancestor worship and human-centered virtues for living a peaceful
life. The golden rule of Confucianism is “Do not do unto others
what you would not want others to do unto you”.

CONFUCIANIS
M
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ORIGIN PHILOSOPHY NO. 1 RULE RELIGION’S

Confucianism is a Confucianism believes The golden rule of POPULATION
philosophy and belief in ancestor worship and Confucianism is “Do There are approximately
system from ancient human-centered virtues not do unto others what 6.1 million followers of
China. Confucius was a for living a peaceful you would not want Confucianism
philosopher and teacher life. others to do unto you”. worldwide.
who lived from 551 to
479 B.C.E.
 Indigenous religions refer to the diverse and often localized belief
systems and spiritual practices of native or indigenous peoples
around the world. These religions are deeply rooted in the
traditional cultures and landscapes of specific indigenous
communities and are typically characterized by a strong connection
to the natural world, ancestral spirits, and a profound respect for
the land. Indigenous religions vary widely from one culture to
another, but common elements often include oral traditions, rituals,
ceremonies, and an emphasis on maintaining harmony with the
environment and the broader cosmos.

INDIGENOUS
RELIGIONS
 These belief systems are crucial to the cultural identities of
indigenous communities and are often under threat due to historical
and contemporary challenges, including colonization,
globalization, and environmental changes. Philippine traditional
religions are still practiced by an estimated 2% of the population,
made up of many aboriginal and indigenous groups. These
religions are often syncretized with Christianity and Islam.
Animism, folk religion, and shamanism remain present as strong
undercurrents and foundations of the community within
mainstream religion.

INDIGENOUS
RELIGIONS
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ROOTS RELIGION PH INDIE POOREST OF

Indigenous religions refer PRACTICES RELIGIONS THE POOR
to the diverse and often Native faiths differ These religions in There are an
Philippines are often estimated 476
localized belief systems across cultures but
syncretized with Christianity
and spiritual practices of commonly involve oral and Islam. Animism, folk
million Indigenous
native or indigenous traditions, rituals, religion, and shamanism Peoples worldwide.
peoples around the ceremonies, and a focus remain present as strong They account for
world. on environmental undercurrents and about 19 percent of
foundations of the the extreme poor.
harmony.
community within
mainstream religion.
 RELIGION POPULATION/
PERCENTAGE
Christianity 2.4 Billion (30%)
Islam 1.8 Billion (22%)
Hinduism 1.4 Billion (17%)
Buddhism 506 Million (7%)
Indigenous Religions 476 Million (6%)
Taoism 8.7 Milliom (0.11%)
Confucianism 6.1 Million (0.076%)
 GLOBALIZATION AND
RELIGION PLURALISM
Religion pluralism is the state of being where every individual in a
religiously diverse society has the rights, freedoms, and safety to worship,
or not, according to their conscience. Pluralism creates opportunity for
religions to coexist peacefully.

Globalization encourages interaction among diverse religions, promoting

shared values of human dignity, equality, and peace.
 GLOBALIZATION AND
RELIGION PLURALISM
Religious teachings like the Golden Rule “what you do not wish
done to yourself, do not do to others.” Contribute to increased tolerance
across various spheres.

International bodies such as the UN, WHO, EU, OIC, and AU unite
different cultures and faiths, focusing on common objectives like peace,
dignity, equality, and conflict resolution through dialogue and negotiation.
RELIGIONS, CONFLICT AND
VIOLENCE
Religious violence encompasses actions influenced by or in reaction to
religious doctrines, targeting individuals, institutions, or events related to a
particular faith.

“Violence" includes a wide spectrum of behaviors, ranging from physical

injury to emotional aggression, representing different types of conflict.
RELIGIONS, CONFLICT AND
VIOLENCE
Religious inflexibility arising from the unquestionable dogma in faith
systems may lead to conflicts over interpretations, often without a means
of resolution or arbitration.

Extremists within religions might perceive radical measures as necessary

to fulfill what they believe to be God's will, leading to a Manichean
worldview that hinders compromise or moderation in the face of perceived
evil.
GROUP 1
Leader
Yamzon, Amiel Kirby D.
Members
Del Rosario, Maria Andrea D.
Manlapaz, Justine B.
Ramos, Aizelle May L.
Robles, George Russel R.
Taruc, Arjay M.
Zablan, Kyle Erol M.