MINERALS

:
Building Blocks
of Rocks
OBJECTIVES
 Recognize the common rock-forming
minerals using their physical and
chemical properties;
 State the importance of minerals and
rocks in the society
 Create an infographics about the
prevention of exploitation of mineral
resources
“THE MURDER CASE OF THE
BANKER”
 A banker is found dead by her
sister in her sofa last Thursday
around 3pm. She was strangled to
death which is very evident by the
marks of hand in her neck. A set
of white powdery shoe print is
very noticeable around the area.
 The investigator send a sample of this
shoe print to the laboratory to do
some testing. And when the
laboratory result is finally out it turns
out that the shoe print is composed of
halite that is characterized by a color
of white; white streak; 2 to 2.5
hardness; vitreous luster; and salty
taste. The policeman arrests the three
last person who visited the victim
before she was found dead.
 SUSPECT#1 SUSPECT#2 SUSPECT#3

PEDRO SONIA SELYO

MAGTANGGOL MASINOP M A C A S PA K
50 y.o.
45 y.o. 39 y.o. Male Asian
Male Asian Female Asian Former husband of
Sister of the victim the victim and a
Worker in Salt
general manager of
Factory owned and an owner of a
a chalk factory.
by the banker. Talc Factory
 CONTENTS

Minerals Versus Rocks

Composition and Structure of

Minerals

Properties of Minerals

Mineral Groups
Which is a Mineral?

Coal

Pearl

Wood
Corals Gold
 VS
MINERAL ROCK
Mineral Versus Rocks
MINERAL
A mineral is a naturally occurring
inorganic solid, with a definite
chemical composition, and an
ordered atomic arrangement.

01 naturally occurring

02 Inorganic

03 solid

04 definite chemical composition

05 has an ordered atomic arrangement or

Crystalline Structure
Which is a Mineral?

Coal

Pearl

Wood
Corals Gold
Minerals when combined
will form a

ROCK
Mineral Versus Rocks
ROCK
A rock is a naturally
occurring solid that is made
up of minerals.

01 naturally occurring

02 solid

03
made up of minerals
Composition and Structure of Minerals

How do minerals form?

It forms by:
01
INORGANIC CRYSTALLIZATION
Process of organizing atoms to form crystalline solids

RECRYSTALLIZATION
02
From solids, liquids and gases associated with various rock-forming
environments
Rock Forming Minerals

What two elements, by mass, make up the greatest

percentage of the Earth’s crust?

Answer: Oxygen and Silicon

These two elements combine to form compounds

called SILICATES (SiO4)
Silicon and oxygen combine in a specific
structure called:
Silicon-oxygen tetrahedral (four sides)
**Which one silicon atom is surrounded by and bonded to four
oxygen atoms, each at the corner of a regular tetrahedron
 Properties of Minerals

Crystal form Cleavage

Luster Fracture

Color Specific Gravity

Streak Others

Hardness
1 CRYSTAL FORM/ CRYSTAL HABITS
It is refers to the geometric shape of mineral crystals.
**Crystal form is caused by the symmetrical, three-
dimensional arrangement of atoms inside the mineral.
CRYSTAL FORM or
CRYSTAL HABIT EUHEDRAL
or CRYSTALLINE
Regular polygons and
Is the visible has flat surfaces.
external shape of
the sample of a
material NON-GEOMETRICAL
CRYSTALS
or Noncrystalline
Do not have a regular
geometric shape
 EUHEDRAL

Magnetite Halite Garnet Staurolite Quartz

NON GEOMETRICAL CRYSTALS
2
LUSTER
The behaviour of light
as it is reflected by the
surface of the mineral.

01 METALLIC

02 NON METALLIC
Non-Metallic Luster Appearance
Vitreous Glassy
Resinous Like resins
Pearly Pearl-like
Greasy Looks like it is covered in a thin
layer of oil.
Silky Soft looking with long fibers

Adamantine Sparkly, hard, and brilliant luster

Earthy Dull or clay-like

Waxy As if it were coated with a layer
wax
3
COLOR
The presence and intensity of certain elements will
determines a specific mineral's color. Minerals with
an inherent color have essential elements in them
which cause their color.

Azurite Amethyst Realgar Malachite Paraealgar

 Properties of Minerals

DON’T
ALWAYS
JUDGE A
MINERAL
BY IT’S
COLOR
 Clear quartz

Smoky quartz

Citrine

Milky quartz
Rose quartz
Amethyst
 Calcite

Fluorite Smithsonite
4
STREAK
The color of the
mineral in
powdered form.
STREAK

I
SEE
YOUR
TRUE
COLO
R
 5
HARDNESS
A measure of the mineral’s resistance to
scratching. The Mohs’ Scale is a set of 10
minerals whose hardness is known.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Talc Gypsum Calcite Fluorite Apatite Feldspar Quartz Topaz Corundum Diamond
 6
C L E AVA G E
AND FRACTURE
Is the way how a minerals breaks

If the mineral breaks with If the mineral has jaggered or

smooth edges or surfaces it is rough edges or surfaces by the
said to have break it is said to be
CLEAVAGE FRACTURED
___________________ ___________________
7
SPECIFIC GRAVITY

Is the density of mineral

compared to the density of
water
 Other Properties of
8 Minerals
TENACITY

the characteristic that describes how the particles of a mineral hold

together or resist separation. The chart below gives the list of terms
used to describe tenacity and a description of each term.

9
MAGNETISM
is the characteristic that allows a mineral to attract or repel other
magnetic materials. It can be difficult to determine the
differences between the various types of magnetism, but it is
worth knowing that there are distinctions made.
10
TRANSPARENCY OR DIAPHANEITY

Diaphaneity is a mineral’s degree of transparency or ability to

allow light to pass through it. The degree of transparency may also
depend on the thickness of the mineral.

11
ODOR
Most minerals have no odor unless they are acted upon in one of
the following ways: moistened, heated, breathed upon, or
rubbed.
12 TASTE

Only soluble minerals have a taste, but it is very

important that minerals not be placed in the mouth or on
the tongue.
 Mineral
Groups
The Seven Mineral Groups are:

Silicates

Sulfides

Native
Elements Oxides

Carbonates Halides

Phosphates
 SILICATES

Silicates are rock-forming minerals.

Examples: olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, biotite

mica, muscovite mica, plagioclase feldspar, orthoclase
feldspar, and quartz.
 NATIVE ELEMENTS

Are minerals composed of only one element.

Examples: gold, diamond, copper, silver
 SULFIDES

Sulfur ions bind with a number of positive ions to

form the sulfide minerals.
Examples: pyrite, galena and sphalerite

FeS2 ZnS

PbS
 OXIDES

Minerals that contain oxygen and one or more other

elements
Examples: hematite and limonite

Fe2O3 2Fe2O3•3H2O
 CARBONATES

Contain carbonate (CO3), a combination of carbon

and oxygen, combined with other elements.
Examples: calcite and dolomite.

CaCO3 CaMg(CO3)2
 PHOSPHATES

Are composed of positively charged metal ions

joined with phosphate ions.
Examples: turquoise and apatite

CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈ • 4H₂O Ca5(PO4)3(OH,F,Cl)

 HALIDES
Halides include such elements as chlorine and
fluorine.
Examples: halite and fluorite

NaCl CaF2
References
 Olivar, J.T. II, Rodolfo, R.S., & Cabria H.B. 2016. Exploring
Life Through Science Series, Earth Science. Phoenix
Publishing House
 Tarbuck, E.J., & Lutgens, F.K. 2012. Earth Science. (13th
ed.). Pearson
 Friedman, H. 2020. MINERAL PROPERTIES: LUSTER.
Retrieved from
https://www.minerals.net/resource/property/luster.aspx#:
~:text=Waxy%20%2D%20A%20waxy%20luster
%20describes,a%20rough%20or%20porous%20surface.
 Mineralogy4kids. Luster. Retrived
fromhttp://www.mineralogy4kids.org/?q=mineral-
properties/luster
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!