Classification of Malocclusion

Contents:
• Angles Classification
• Class I
• Class II
• Class III

• Incisor Classification
• Class I
• Class II
• Class II Div 1
• Class II Div 2
• Class III
• Ackerman-Profit (5 Characteristics of Malocclusion)
Angle’s classification
Dr. Wardah Tahir
 Introduction

Angle’s classification of malocclusion in the 1890s was

an important step in the development of orthodontics
because it not only subdivided major types of
malocclusion but also included the first clear and
simple definition of normal occlusion in the natural
dentition.
Angle’s classification of malocclusion

Normal
Class I Class II Class III
occlusion
Normal occlusion

Mesiobuccal cusp of the upper molar occludes in the buccal groove of the lower molar.
The line of occlusion
The line of occlusion is a smooth curve passing
through the central fossa of each upper molar and
across the cingulum of the upper canine and incisor
teeth. The same line runs along the buccal cusps and
incisal edges of the lower teeth, thus specifying the
occlusal as well as interarch relationships once the
molar position is established.
Normal occlusion
Class I Malocclusion

Normal relationship of the molars, but line of occlusion incorrect because of

malposed teeth, rotations, or other causes
Class I Malocclusion
Class II Malocclusion

Lower molar distal to upper molar, relationship of other teeth to line of occlusion not specified
Class II Malocclusion
Class III Malocclusion
• Lower molar mesially positioned relative to upper molar.
• The mesiobuccal cusp of the upper first molar occludes with
the embrasure between the lower first and second molars.
Class III Malocclusion
Class III Malocclusion
1/4 1/2 3/4 Full cusp
Incisor Classification
Dr Esha Zakria
Contents:
• Angles Classification
• Class I
• Class II
• Class III

• Incisor Classification
• Class I
• Class II
• Class II Div 1
• Class II Div 2
• Class III
• Ackerman-Profit (5 Characteristics of Malocclusion)
British Standards Institute Classification
(BSI)
• This is based upon Incisor relationship
• The most widely used descriptive classification
• Classified as:
• Class I
• Class II
• Class II Div 1
• Class II Div 2

• Class III
Class I
• Class I— the lower incisor edges occlude with or lie
immediately below the cingulum plateau of the upper central
incisors.
Class II
• The lower incisor edges lie posterior to the cingulum
plateau of the upper incisors
• Two subdivisions of this category:
• Division 1
• Division 2
Class II Div 1
• The upper central incisors are proclined or of average inclination and there
is an increase in overjet
Class II Div 2
• The upper central incisors are retroclined
• The overjet is usually minimal or may be increased
Classification of Div 2
• Type a
• Type b
• Type c
• Type d
Class III
• The lower incisor edges lie anterior to the cingulum
plateau of the upper incisors.
• The overjet is reduced or reversed
Short Comings of Angle’s Classification
• Based on dentition only
• Based on First molar relationship only
• Antero-posterior plane
• No description of arches
• No Skeletal relationship
• No Facial evaluation
Five-Characteristics Classification System
• Ackerman and Profit- 1960
• Formalized the system of informal additions to the Angle method by identifying
five major characteristics of malocclusion to be considered and systematically
described in classification
1. Dentofacial appearance
• Evaluation of facial proportions and esthetics
• Frontal and oblique facial proportions
• Symmetry
• Anterior tooth display
• Orientation of the esthetic line of occlusion
• Profile
Roll, Pitch and Yaw
Roll
Pitch
Yaw
2.Alignment
• Crowding
• Spacing
• Arch form
• Symmetry
• Orientation of the functional line of occlusion
3.Anteroposterior
• Angle classification
• Skeletal
• Dental
4.Transverse
• Crossbites
• Skeletal
• Dental
5. Vertical
• Bite depth
• Skeletal
• Dental
Reference
• Contemporary Orthodontics 6th Ed Chp no 06
• An introduction to Orthodontics 2nd Ed , Chap no 02
THANK YOU