Shell and Tube Heat

Exchanger
Rayan alamri 442170016
Heat exchanger
A heat exchanger is a device that transfers thermal energy between two or more fluids at different
temperatures.
It is used to efficiently exchange heat and maintain desired temperatures in various industrial and
engineering applications.
Steam power Plant
•Use of steam power stated when it was first used in
locomotive invented by James Watt.
•Steam power is used to rotate the prime mover of electric
generator and it is known as steam power plant.
•In this process heat energy is converted into mechanical
energy and then to electrical energy through turbine
generator system .
Components of steam power Plants
There are four basic components of steam turbine.
• Boiler
• Turbine
• Condenser
• Pump
Process in Steam
power Plant
Steam power plant operate on Rankine Cycle.
There are four processes in ideal Rankine cycle.
1-2 Isentropic compression in a pump
2-3 Constant-pressure heat addition in a boiler
3-4 Isentropic expansion in a turbine
4-1 Constant-pressure heat rejection in a
condenser
Working of Steam Turbine
1. Water enter the boiler
2. steam produced by boiler
3. steam enter the Turbine
and move turbine Blade
4. Turbine rotate the
generator which result in
producing electricity.
5. low pressure steam
energy the Condenser
6. steam in condenser is
cooled by cold water.
Work & Heat transfer in Steam Turbine
Pump (q=0) : Wpump, in= h2-h1
Boiler (w=0) : qin= h3-h2
Turbine (q=0) : Wturbine= h4-h3
Condensor (w=0) : Wout= h4-h1
Thermal efficiency,
HX role in Power Plant
The condenser is also known as heat exchanger
After the steam passes through the turbine, it enters the condenser, where it is exposed to a cooling medium
The heat exchanger facilitates the transfer of heat from the steam to the cooling medium, causing the steam
to condense into water.
 This condensed water is then pumped back into the boiler to be reheated and converted into steam again.
Fundamental of Heat Exchanger
Principle of Heat exchanger
There are three basic principles of heat transfer which are discussed below,
• Conduction
• Convection
• Radiation

Conduction Convection Radiation

 Type of Heat Exchanger
There are three types of heat exchangers commonly used.

• Double Pipe Heat exchanger

• Compact heat exchanger
• Shell and Tube heat exchanger
• Plate Type Heat exchanger
• Finned Tube Heat exchanger
Application of HX
 Heat exchangers are widely used in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems.
 Power Generation
 Process industries
 Automotive industry
 Waste heat recovery
 renewable energy system
 Chemical and Petrochemical Industries
Advantage and Disadvantages
Advantages Disadvantages

Efficient heat transfer Initial cost

Energy-saving Space requirements

Temperature control Fouling and maintenance

Versatility Pressure limitations

Environmentally friendly Limited to compatible fluids

 Fouling in HX
• The performance of heat exchangers usually deteriorates with time as a result of accumulation of deposits
on heat transfer surfaces.
• The layer of deposits represents additional resistance to heat transfer and causes the rate of heat transfer in a
heat exchanger to decrease.
• The net effect of these accumulations on heat transfer is represented by a fouling factor Rf , which is a
measure of the thermal resistance introduced by fouling.
Performance Consideration
Efficiency and performance of shell and tube heat exchangers in steam power plants depend on various
factors, including:
a) Temperature difference between the hot and cold fluids.
b) Fluid flow rates and velocities.
c) Surface area of the tubes and overall heat transfer area.
d) Thermal conductivity and fouling characteristics of the fluids.
e) Proper maintenance and cleaning to prevent fouling and scaling.
 Selection of Heat Exchanger
There are various factor on the basis of which we select heat exchanger.
 Heat transfer rate
 Cost
 Pumping Power
 Size and weight
 Material