Reading Skills

Training and Testing
English Reading Skills

Module: Training & Testing
OBJECTIVES
▪ To enhance participants' understanding of the principles of effective reading comprehension

▪ To equip participants with strategies and techniques to improve their reading skills
▪ To develop participants' ability to apply their comprehension skills to various types of written materials
LEARNING OUTCOMES
▪ Participants will be able to identify and explain key elements of reading comprehension, including main ideas, supporting details, and inferential
reasoning.
▪ Demonstrate an understanding of various reading comprehension strategies, such as previewing, summarizing, and questioning.
▪ Apply their comprehension skills to a variety of reading materials, including textbooks, articles, and news reports.
▪ Develop critical thinking skills to evaluate and analyze written texts.
▪ Demonstrate improved reading comprehension scores on standardized tests.
Mohammed Saef Ul Arifeen

Trainer & Consultant
LET’S READ

Try reading this:
Fæder ure
ðu ðe eart on heofenum
si ðin nama gehalgod
to-becume ðin rice
geweorþe ðin willa on eorðan swa swa on heofenum.
Urne ge dæghwamlican hlaf syle us to-deag
and forgyf us ure gyltas
swa swa we forgifaþ urum gyltendum
ane ne gelæde ðu us on costnunge
ac alys us of yfle.

Now Try reading this:
Fox grape grey shoe on land title base.

READIN
G
What about the following sentence? The ability to read

is one of the
Fox grape grey shoe on land title base.
most powerful tools

And What about this?
The ability to understand
The fox does not like grapes is only when the
power can be useful

Ability to Read
The ability to understand

is only when the
power can be useful
Comprehension means the Ability to Understand

something
Ability to
Understand

Reading comprehension involves three distinct components:
✔ Processing text (sounding out the syllables to decode the words)
✔ Understanding what was read
✔ Making connections between the text and what you already know
It may seem that reading comprehension issues adults tend to face are a lot less than those in other areas like
speaking, listening or writing.
We all know how to read, but as adults, we can still improve our ability to understand and analyze written texts. This is an area of continuous
improvement, and this training will give us a deep professional touch to help us kick start our journey.

Can you improve your reading comprehension as an adult?
YES YOU CAN
The good news is that with
✔ The right approach,

✔ Some dedication, and
✔ A good set of rules to follow,
Adults can improve their reading comprehension skills considerably.

IMPROVE YOUR READING COMPREHENSION
Activating: This strategy involves getting involved in the reading material at hand in a primitive cognitive manner. More precisely, it means actively
trying to use your prior knowledge and experiences to add another level of meaning to the things you are reading. This stage of activating your
background knowledge will play an important role in understanding and adding meaning to the text you are reading.
Inferring : Through this strategy, you are expected to make an active effort to extract information, draw your own conclusions and evaluate the text
you are reading. This stage relies partially on the knowledge you previously acquired, but also involves the recently gathered information and bringing
them together in a way that basically synthesize the data in an actual set of conclusions. Learning to make inferences will improve your ability to
construct meaning while reading.
Monitoring-Clarifying: The proper way of learning how to improve reading comprehension as an adult will inevitably go through this
monitoring/clarifying stage. This strategy involves actually thinking about the things you are reading, how you are reading them, and why. This can be
done both while reading and after. Through monitoring/clarifying, you are actually supposed to self-evaluate your reading session, the level of
comprehension you managed to achieve, and how close you are to fulfilling the purpose of your reading session.

IMPROVE YOUR READING COMPREHENSION
Questioning : Generating, asking, and answering questions is a crucial aspect of a reading session for those who want to improve their comprehension
levels. While reading, try to come up with questions that you are hoping to find the answer to if you keep reading. This way you will identify ideas,
integrate information, and have a lot less of a hard time summarizing what you read. By learning to ask the right questions, you will find a way to stay
focused on the most important ideas and concepts in the reading material at hand.
Predicting : Trying to figure out the next things that are about to happen in a book you’re reading is going to activate your imagination. You will use
both previously acquired knowledge and the information you recently absorbed and this process is going to force you to think analytically and to
properly use the concepts and ideas you just discovered.
Visualizing: Creating mental images of the things you read is going to give your comprehension levels a massive boost. While this is a better approach
to consider in narrative text, like fiction novels, it can be great practice for your brain and the positive effects will later expand over your non-fiction
reading sessions as well.
Summarizing : This strategy involves a reader’s ability to extract the main ideas from a text and synthetize them in a comprehensive and efficient
manner. Obviously, summarizing without comprehension is virtually impossible. Exercising your summarizing abilities will have a positive effect on
how able you are to comprehend and interpret what you are reading.

TECHNICS
Skimming is reading a passage to get a general idea of the content. This is recommended to do before you tackle the question. Instead of
understanding everything of the passage, try to get a sense of the topic and layout.
Scanning is your ability to locate information and has no relation to comprehension/understanding of the passage.
Key Words Each question will have key words to help you locate the information in the passage and to spot the right answer. You should also
check whether the key words can be paraphrased. Some keywords are obvious, for instance names, dates, numbers, places etc. Others are more
subtle.

TECHNICS
Paraphrasing is the process of rephrasing a piece of text while preserving its original meaning. It involves using different words and sentence
structures to convey the same idea.
Paraphrasing is particularly useful for answering inferential questions, which require readers to go beyond the literal meaning of the text to make inferences or draw
conclusions. By paraphrasing the text, readers can identify key details and make connections that will help them to answer these types of questions.
Here are some tips for paraphrasing inferential questions:
● Read the question carefully to understand what is being asked.

● Identify the key words and phrases in the question.
● Paraphrase the key words and phrases in your own words.
● Use your paraphrases to answer the question.
Here is an example of how to paraphrase an inferential question:
● Original question: "What does the author mean by saying that the forest was 'silent and brooding'?"
● Paraphrased question: "What mood or atmosphere does the author create by describing the forest as 'silent and brooding'?"
By paraphrasing both the text and the question, readers can demonstrate their understanding of the passage and answer the question effectively.

TECHNICS
Here are some examples of how paraphrasing can be used in answering comprehension questions:
Example 1:
Original text: "The bustling city was a vibrant tapestry of cultures, languages, and traditions."
Paraphrased response: "The city was a lively blend of diverse cultures, languages, and customs."
In this instance, paraphrasing helps clarify the meaning of the original phrase "vibrant tapestry" by using more specific terms like "lively blend" and "diverse
cultures."
Example 2:
Original text: "The scientist's groundbreaking discovery revolutionized the field of medicine."
Paraphrased response: "The scientist's innovative finding transformed the way we approach medical treatment."
Here, paraphrasing highlights the significance of the scientist's discovery by using phrases like "innovative finding" and "transformed medical treatment."
Example 3:
Original text: "The author suggests that the historical event had a profound impact on the course of human history."
Paraphrased response: "The author implies that the historical event played a significant role in shaping the direction of human history."
This example demonstrates how paraphrasing can be used to restate the author's implication without directly quoting the original text. Mohammed Saef Ul Arifeen
LET’S TEST

TEST 1
‘Communicative competence’ refers to the ability to use language appropriately

in different circumstances. There are two ways of developing communicative 1.1. Choose the right word to complete each sentence:
competence in a language. The first is acquisition which is similar to the way
people develop ability in their mother tongue. It is a natural, subconscious (a) Communicative competence can be
process in which users are not usually aware of acquiring a language. They are gained/earned/developed in two ways.
aware only of the fact that they are using the language to communicate. In non-
technical terms, acquisition is ‘picking up’ a language spontaneously. It may also (b) People acquire a mother tongue
be called ‘implicit’ learning. consciously/unconsciously /subconsciously.
On the other hand, the second way of developing communicative competence in
a language is learning that language. It refers to conscious knowledge of a (c) Acquisition signifies ‘implicit’/’explicit’/`exact’ learning.
language, knowing the rules of language use, being aware of using them, and
being able to talk about them. In non-technical terms, learning is to know (d) Knowing a language by rules lasts longer/shorter/more
consciously about a language. It may be described as explicit learning. momentarily than acquiring a language.
Language specialists believe that acquiring a language is more successful and
longer lasting than learning. Therefore, teachers these days encourage learners (e) Teachers suggest that learners should learn language by
of a second language to practise and experience the language in different practicing and communicating with others/writing
situations where they are involved in communicating with others. letters/watching TV.

TEST 1
Find a KEY WORD in the question and locate the answer

in different circumstances. There are two ways of developing communicative Choose the right word to complete each sentence:

TEST 1
Some questions may not have direct answers
QUESTIONING PREDICTING VISUALIZING PARAPHRASING

in different circumstances. There are two ways of developing communicative 1.1 Choose the right word to complete each sentence:

TEST 1

in different circumstances. There are two ways of developing communicative
1.2. True/False? If false, give the correct information:
people develop ability in their mother tongue. It is a natural, subconscious
process in which users are not usually aware of acquiring a language. They are (a) People develop competence in their mother tongue
aware only of the fact that they are using the language to communicate. In non- through a deliberate process.
technical terms, acquisition is ‘picking up’ a language spontaneously. It may also
be called ‘implicit’ learning. (b) We are acquiring English.
a language is learning that language. It refers to conscious knowledge of a (c) Communication through learning language by rules is a
long process.
being able to talk about them. In non-technical terms, learning is to know (d) People learn a second language subconsciously.
consciously about a language. It may be described as explicit learning.
Language specialists believe that acquiring a language is more successful and (e) Learning a language is more effective than acquiring it.
longer lasting than learning. Therefore, teachers these days encourage learners
of a second language to practise and experience the language in different
situations where they are involved in communicating with others.

TECHNICS
Task: TRUE FALSE
TIPS:
1. Paraphrasing. You must be prepared for the words in the statement to be paraphrased in
the passage. This means you really need to know your vocabulary.
2. You are looking for meaning. Do not just try to match words but you actually need to
match the meaning and check the content of the information given. Some times that same
words are used but the meaning is not the same- this is a common difficulty .with
choosing the right answer.
3. False means the passage contradicts the statement. Do not forget that you are not looking
for an opposite meaning, you are also looking for contradicting information

TEST 1

in different circumstances. There are two ways of developing communicative 1.3. Fill in the gaps with the correct form of words. Add any
preposition if necessary.
people develop ability in their mother tongue. It is a natural, subconscious (a) To be (competence) — a language one has to use it in
process in which users are not usually aware of acquiring a language. They are different situations.
technical terms, acquisition is ‘picking up’ a language spontaneously. It may also (b) There is an element of (spontaneous) — the acquisition
be called ‘implicit’ learning. of a language.
(c) Acquiring a language (believe) — to be more lasting than
a language is learning that language. It refers to conscious knowledge of a
learning it.
being able to talk about them. In non-technical terms, learning is to know (d) By being (consciously) — a language one can develop his
consciously about a language. It may be described as explicit learning. ‘explicit’ learning.
longer lasting than learning. Therefore, teachers these days encourage learners (e) Communicative competence can be (develop) — in two
of a second language to practise and experience the language in different ways.
situations where they are involved in communicating with others.

TECHNICS
Task: Sentence Completion / Fill in the gaps
SKILLS:
1. Scanning for specific information

2. Selecting appropriate words
3. Understanding information in the passage
TIPS:
4. Identify the type of word needed for each gap (noun/verb/adjective etc.)
5. Locate the information in the passage in order to choose the right word
6. The sentence must be grammatically correct which can help you to choose the right form of word for the gap
7. Check how many words can be used for each gap

TEST 1
ANSWERS
11.. (a) developed; (b) subconsciously; (c) implicit; (d) more momentarily; (e) practicing
and communicating with others.
1.2. (a) False; Corr. Ans. People develop competence in their mother tongue through
natural process. (b) False; Corr. Ans. We are learning English. (c) True. (d) False; Corr.
Ans. People learn a second language consciously. (e) False; Corr. Ans. Acquiring a
language is more effective than learning it.
1.3. (a) competent in; (b) spontaneity in; (c) is believed; (d) conscious about; (e)
developed.

TEST 2
A fact that draws our attention is that, according to his position in life, an
extravagant man is either admired or loathed. A successful business man does
nothing to increase his popularity by being prudent with his money. A person 2.1. Multiple Choices
who is wealthy is expected to lead a luxurious life and to be lavish with his
hospitality. If he is not so, he is considered mean, and his reputation in business 1. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title
may even suffer in consequence. The paradox remains that he had not been for the passage:
careful with his money in the first place; he would never have achieved his A.Being extravagant is always condemnable.
present wealth. Among the low income group, a different set of values exists.
The young clerk, who makes his wife a present of a new dress when he has not B.The cause of poverty is extravagance.
paid his house rent, is condemned as extravagant. Carefulness with money to the C.Extravagance is a part of the rich as well as of the poor.
point of meanness is applauded as a virtue. Nothing in his life is considered more
D.Stingy habits of the poor.
worthy than paying his bills. The ideal wife for such a man separates her
housekeeping money into joyless little piles – so much for rent, for food, for the
children’s shoes, she is able to face the milkman with equanimity every, month
satisfied with her economizing ways , and never knows the guilt of buying
something she can’t really afford . As for myself, I fall neither of these categories.
If I have money to spare I can be extravagant, but when, as is usually the case, I
am hard up and then I am the meanest man imaginable.
TECHNICS
Task: Choosing a Title
SKILLS:
1. Identifying aims of the passage

2. Distinguish between detail and main aims
TIPS:
3. Look at the differences between the possible tiles

4. Pay attention to the opening paragraph or closing paragraph of the passage

TEST 2
2. According to the passage the person, who is a successful
businessman and wealthy
A.Is expected to have lavish lifestyle.
B.Should not bother about popularity.
A fact that draws our attention is that, according to his position in life, an
C.Is more popular if he appears to be wasting away his time.
extravagant man is either admired or loathed. A successful business man does D.Must be extravagant before achieving success.
nothing to increase his popularity by being prudent with his money. A person
3.The phrase ‘lavish with his hospitality’ in the third sentence
who is wealthy is expected to lead a luxurious life and to be lavish with his of the first paragraph means
hospitality. If he is not so, he is considered mean, and his reputation in business A.Thoughtful in spending only on guests and strangers.
B.Unconcerned in treating his friends and relatives.
may even suffer in consequence. The paradox remains that he had not been
C.Stinginess in dealing with his relatives.
careful with his money in the first place; he would never have achieved his D.Extravagance in entertaining guest.
present wealth. Among the low income group, a different set of values exists.
4.The word ‘paradox’ in the last sentence of the first paragraph
The young clerk, who makes his wife a present of a new dress when he has not means
paid his house rent, is condemned as extravagant. Carefulness with money to the A.Statement based on the popular opinion
B.a statement that seems self-contradictory but in reality expresses
point of meanness is applauded as a virtue. Nothing in his life is considered more a possible truth.
worthy than paying his bills. The ideal wife for such a man separates her C.Statement based on facts
housekeeping money into joyless little piles – so much for rent, for food, for the D.A word that brings out the hidden meaning
children’s shoes, she is able to face the milkman with equanimity every, month 5. What is the meaning of the word “equanimity”?
satisfied with her economizing ways , and never knows the guilt of buying A.Calmness
B.Discomposure
something she can’t really afford . As for myself, I fall neither of these categories. C.Equivocal
If I have money to spare I can be extravagant, but when, as is usually the case, I D.Dubious .
am hard up and then I am the meanest man imaginable.
TEST 2
ANSWERS
1. (C) Extravagance is a part of the rich as well as of the poor.

This is the most appropriate title as the author sheds light on the life of a rich person in the first paragraph and discusses the life of a
person who belongs to lower strata of the society in the second paragraph.
2. (A) Is expected to have lavish lifestyle.
It is given in the fourth line of the 1st paragraph.:“If he .........consequence.”
3. (D) Extravagance in entertaining guest.
The meaning of the word “hospitality” is the quality or disposition of receiving and treating guests and strangers in a warm, friendly,
generous way which justifies that option d is the correct answer choice.
4. (B) a statement that seems self-contradictory but in reality expresses a possible truth.
The meaning of the word “paradox” is given in option B and it is also explained in the last sentence of the first paragraph.
5. (A) Calmness
The word “equanimity” means mental or emotional stability or composure, especially under tension or strain as can further be
understood as in this example “Raj was a man of great equanimity, even when talking about his own death.”

TEST 3
On the apparently dead lunar surface, a colony of bacteria was thriving. The organisms were 3.1. Match each statement with the spacecraft it applies to.
not native to the Moon but were visitors from Earth who had hitch-hiked a ride onboard one
Write the correct letter A-E in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.
of Nasa’s five Surveyor probes from the 1960s. To the astonishment of biologists, between
50 and 100 Streptococcus bacteria survived the journey across space, at an average 1. provided transport from Earth tor bacteria
temperature 20 degrees above absolute zero with no source of energy or water, and stayed
2. was created so that there could be no bacteria on the outer
alive on the Moon in a camera for three years. Captain Conrad, who returned the bacteria to
structure
Earth, was later to confess: ‘I always thought the most significant thing we ever found on the
whole Moon was the little bacteria that came back and lived’. Beagle’s heat shield doubled as 3. was capable of changing direction in the event of a problem
its biological shield. So once the instruments were encased and sealed, the craft could be
brought back into the real world. The shield heated up to 1,700 degrees on its descent 4. brought material which was kept in more than one kind of
through the Martian atmosphere, so bugs on the casing were not a worry. Mars Express – container
the craft carrying Beagle – did not need sterilising. Its trajectory was designed so that if ● List of Spacecraft
something went wrong, the craft would not simply crash into the planet. Its course could be
corrected enroute. ● A Apollo craft
Eventually, space scientists hope to return samples of Mars to Earth. While the risks of alien ● B Surveyor probe
bacteria proving hazardous on Earth may be remote, the rocks will still need to be
● C Galileo probe
quarantined. Moon rocks from Apollo were analysed in vacuum glove boxes for the first two
missions. Later, researchers stored rocks in nitrogen. Prof Pillinger believed the first Mars ● D Beagle 2
rocks should be sterilised before they are studied on Earth. ‘For security purposes, it would
● E Mars Express
be the most sensible thing to do. You don’t have to sterilise it all, you can contain some of it
and then sterilise the sample you want to look at, but it would lower the risk and make it
easier to analyse.’ Mohammed Saef Ul Arifeen
TEST 3
ANSWERS
1. (B) Surveyor probe
2. (D) Beagle 2
3. (E) Mars express
4. (A) Apollo craft

TEST 4
4.1. Write short answers to the following questions.

Humans, animals and plants are all important elements of the natural environment. But (a) In what ways are human beings destroying wildlife?
humans are cruelly destroying plants and animals and thereby creating a danger for us all. (b) In which part of the world is most of the wildlife of the world
The destruction of forests and other habitats is causing the extinction of various plants and living?
animals every day. These losses are particularly severe in the areas of tropical forest which (c) Life of what wild animals and birds are at risk today?
cover only 7% of the surface of the globe, but which provide the living space for between (d) How is the reduction of the wild animals and birds speeding
50% and 80% of all our wildlife. Many wild animals and birds such as pandas, bears, tigers, up?
(e) What hopeful sign of wildlife’s safety do you see in the world?
alligators, whales, wolves, eagles, falcons, kites and buzzards are faced with the threat of
extinction today. Their decline has been accelerated by the destruction of their feeding and
nesting places, by the collection of eggs, and above all by the widespread use of chemicals 4.2. Fill in the gaps with suitable words:
and pesticides which enter their food chains leading to sterility and mass deaths. Hunting of We human beings, the most important component of the natural
birds and animals is another cause of their extinction. Men kill birds for food and feathers, environment, (a)____capable of either protecting or destroying
hunt big cats to make fur coats and slaughter alligators and other reptiles for shoes and bags. our own environment. Instead of taking (b) ____of it, we are
In addition, whale-hunting has also drastically reduced the number of blue whales in the atrociously destroying it. By destroying plants and animals we are
Atlantic Ocean. (c) ____ourselves. If we want to protect the world and want to (d)
We know that all species are important for maintaining ecological balance. If one is lost, the ____long, we must sake effective steps right now. The future of
whole natural environment changes. In order to protect the environment from being spoilt, the world is (e) ____the hands of us, human beings.
we should therefore protect our wildlife. The good news is that many countries are now
taking action to protect their endangered wildlife. George Laycock, author of several books
4.3. Write down your opinion/ perspective on what should
on wildlife writes: ‘Mankind must develop a concern for wild creatures and a determination
human beings do in order to maintain the balance in different
that these wild species will not perish”. We should save the earth’s wild creatures to save
ecosystems?
ourselves. To be kind to animals is to be kind to mankind.

TEST 4
ANSWERS
4.1. (a) Humans are destroying wildlife by destroying forests, feeding and nesting places, by collecting eggs and by using
chemicals and pesticides.
(b) Most of the wildlife of the world is living in the tropical rain forests.
(c) Many animals and birds such as pandas, bears, alligators, whales, wolves, eagles, falcons, kites and buzzards are now on the
verge of extinction.
(d) The reduction of the wild animals and birds is speeding up by the destruction of their feeding and nesting places by the
collection of eggs and by the use of chemicals and pesticides.
(e) We see that many countries of the world are now taking actions to protect our wildlife.
4.2. (a) are; (b) care; (c) destroying; (d) live; (e) in.

TEST 5
While there is no blueprint for transforming a largely government-controlled economy into a free one, the experience of the United Kingdom since 1979 clearly shows
one approach that works: privatization, in which state-owned industries are sold to private companies. By 1979, the total borrowings and losses of state-owned
industries were running at about £3 billion a year. By selling many of these industries, the government has decreased these borrowings and losses, gained over £34
billion from the sales, and now receives tax revenues from the newly privatized companies. Along with a dramatically improved overall economy, the government has
been able to repay 12.5 percent of the net national debt over a two-year period.
In fact, privatization has not only rescued individual industries and a whole economy headed for disaster, but also raised the level of performance in every area. At
British Airways and British Gas, for example, productivity per employee has risen by 20 percent. At Associated British Ports, labor disruptions common in the 1970’s
and early 1980’s have now virtually disappeared. At British Telecom, there is no longer a waiting list—as there always was before privatization—to have a telephone
installed.
Part of this improved productivity has come about because the employees of privatized industries were given the opportunity to buy shares in their own companies.
They responded enthusiastically to the offer of shares: at British Aerospace, 89 percent of the eligible workforce bought shares; at Associated British Ports, 90 percent;
and at British Telecom, 92 percent. When people have a personal stake in something, they think about it, care about it, work to make it prosper. At the National
Freight Consortium, the new employee-owners grew so concerned about their company’s profits that during wage negotiations they actually pressed their union to
lower its wage demands.
Some economists have suggested that giving away free shares would provide a needed acceleration of the privatization process. Yet they miss Thomas Paine’s point
that “what we obtain too cheap we esteem too lightly.” In order for the far- ranging benefits of individual ownership to be achieved by owners, companies, and
countries, employees and other individuals must make their own decisions to buy, and they must commit some of their own resources to the choice.

TEST 5
A. It can be inferred from the passage that the author considers labor disruptions to be…
1. an inevitable problem in a weak national economy
2. a positive sign of employee concern about a company
3. a predictor of employee reactions to a company’s offer to sell shares to them
4. a phenomenon found more often in state-owned industries than in private companies
5. a deterrence to high performance levels in an industry
B. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the privatization process in the United Kingdom?
1. It depends to a potentially dangerous degree on individual ownership of shares.
2. It conforms in its most general outlines to Thomas Paine’s prescription for business ownership.
3. It was originally conceived to include some giving away of free shares.
4. It has been successful, even though privatization has failed in other countries.
5. It is taking place more slowly than some economists suggest is necessary.
🠶 A. (5). 🠶 Explanation of Answers link: https://menlocoaching.com/gmat/official-gmat-practice-

questions/reading-comprehension/ Mohammed Saef Ul Arifeen
🠶 B. (5). Trainer & Consultant
TEST 6

TEST 6
A. Read the questions. Look at the chart. Fill in the answer.
1. Which occupation will grow the most from 2010 to 2020?

𝖠 biomedical engineers
𝖡 dental hygienists
𝖢 home health aides
𝖣 health educators
2. How many physical therapist aides will there be in 2020?

𝖠 47
𝖡 4,700
𝖢 67
𝖣 67,000
3. What percent of job growth will there be for carpenters from 2010 to 2020?
𝖠 26
𝖡 26,000
𝖢 56
𝖣 56,000
Reading and Interpreting Graphs: New SAT Reading : Graphs and Tables
Useful links:
1. Essentials linking words for Writing: Linking Words for IELTS Writing Task 2
2. Idiomatic Prepositions:
https://ieltsonlinetests.com/ielts-grammar/idiomatic-prepositions#:~:text=Collocations%3A%20Idiomatic%20prepositions%20are%
20frequently,%22believe%20in%2C%22%20etc
.
3. Basic Preposition: Prepositions (PDF)
4. Grammar: Using Prepositions

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Training and Testing

English Reading Skills

▪ To enhance participants' understanding of the principles of effective reading comprehension

Mohammed Saef Ul Arifeen

Mohammed Saef Ul Arifeen

Mohammed Saef Ul Arifeen

Fox grape grey shoe on land title base.

Mohammed Saef Ul Arifeen

What about the following sentence? The ability to read

Mohammed Saef Ul Arifeen

Mohammed Saef Ul Arifeen

The ability to understand

Comprehension means the Ability to Understand

Mohammed Saef Ul Arifeen

✔ Processing text (sounding out the syllables to decode the words)

✔ Understanding what was read

Mohammed Saef Ul Arifeen

YES YOU CAN

The good news is that with

✔ The right approach,

Adults can improve their reading comprehension skills considerably.

Mohammed Saef Ul Arifeen

Mohammed Saef Ul Arifeen

Mohammed Saef Ul Arifeen

Mohammed Saef Ul Arifeen

Here are some tips for paraphrasing inferential questions:

● Read the question carefully to understand what is being asked.

Here is an example of how to paraphrase an inferential question:

Mohammed Saef Ul Arifeen

Mohammed Saef Ul Arifeen

‘Communicative competence’ refers to the ability to use language appropriately

Mohammed Saef Ul Arifeen

‘Communicative competence’ refers to the ability to use language appropriately

Mohammed Saef Ul Arifeen

QUESTIONING PREDICTING VISUALIZING PARAPHRASING

Mohammed Saef Ul Arifeen

‘Communicative competence’ refers to the ability to use language appropriately

Mohammed Saef Ul Arifeen

Task: TRUE FALSE

Mohammed Saef Ul Arifeen

‘Communicative competence’ refers to the ability to use language appropriately

Mohammed Saef Ul Arifeen

Task: Sentence Completion / Fill in the gaps

1. Scanning for specific information

Mohammed Saef Ul Arifeen

Mohammed Saef Ul Arifeen

Task: Choosing a Title

1. Identifying aims of the passage

3. Look at the differences between the possible tiles

Mohammed Saef Ul Arifeen

1. (C) Extravagance is a part of the rich as well as of the poor.

Mohammed Saef Ul Arifeen

1. (B) Surveyor probe

3. (E) Mars express

4. (A) Apollo craft

Mohammed Saef Ul Arifeen

4.1. Write short answers to the following questions.

Mohammed Saef Ul Arifeen

Mohammed Saef Ul Arifeen

Mohammed Saef Ul Arifeen

1. an inevitable problem in a weak national economy

2. a positive sign of employee concern about a company

3. a predictor of employee reactions to a company’s offer to sell shares to them

4. a phenomenon found more often in state-owned industries than in private companies