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Adjuvants or CoAnalgesics
Adjuvants or CoAnalgesics
Disclaimer: This presentation contains information on the general principles of pain management. This presentation cannot account for
individual variation among patients and cannot be considered inclusive of all proper methods of care or exclusive of other treatments. It is
the responsibility of the treating physician, or health care provider, to determine the best course of treatment for the patient. Treat the
Pain and its partners assume no responsibility for any injury or damage to persons or property arising out of or related to any use of these
materials, or for any errors or omissions.
Objectives
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Adjuvant analgesics or co-analgesics
Beating Pain, 2nd Ed. APCA (2012); Using Opioids to Manage Pain, APCA (2010) 3
Principles in adjuvant therapy
Beating Pain, 2nd Ed. APCA (2012); Using Opioids to Manage Pain, APCA (2010) 4
Antidepressants
Beating Pain, 2nd Ed. APCA (2012); Using Opioids to Manage Pain, APCA (2010); Introductory Palliative Care Course for Health Care5
Professionals (Uganda). PCAU/MOH (2013).
Antidepressants
Beating Pain, 2nd Ed. APCA (2012); Using Opioids to Manage Pain, APCA (2010); Introductory Palliative Care Course for Health Care6
Professionals (Uganda). PCAU/MOH (2013).
Anticonvulsants
Beating Pain, 2nd Ed. APCA (2012); Palliative Care for HIV/AIDS and Cancer Patients in Vietnam, Basic Training Curriculum: Harvard
Medical School, Centre for Palliative Care (2007); Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine (2010) 7
Anticonvulsants
Beating Pain, 2nd Ed. APCA (2012); Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine. (2010) 10
Corticosteroids
Use corticosteroids for bone pain, neuropathic pain, headache due to raised
intracranial pressure, and pain associated with oedema and inflammation
• Dexamethasone
– Adults: 2–4mg per day for most situations
– For raised intracranial pressure, start at 24mg per day and reduce by 2mg each day to
the lowest effective maintenance dose
– For pain from nerve compression, start at 8mg
– For spinal cord compression, start at 16mg
• Prednisolone
– Use when dexamethasone is not available
– A conversion rate of 4mg Dexamethasone(*7.5) to 30mg Prednisolone can be used
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References
• African Palliative Care Association. Beating Pain: a pocketguide for pain management
in Africa, 2nd Ed. [Internet]. 2012. Available from:
http://www.africanpalliativecare.org/images/stories/pdf/beating_pain.pdf
• African Palliative Care Association. Using opioids to manage pain: a pocket guide for
health professionals in Africa [Internet]. 2010. Available from:
http://www.africanpalliativecare.org/images/stories/pdf/using_opiods.pdf
• Amery J, editor. Children’s Palliative Care in Africa [Internet]. 2009. Available from:
http://www.icpcn.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Childrens-Palliative-Care-in-
Africa-Full-Text.pdf
• Kopf A, Patel N, editors. Guide to Pain Management in Low-Resource Settings
[Internet]. 2010. Available from:
http://www.iasp-pain.org/files/Content/ContentFolders/Publications2/FreeBooks/
Guide_to_Pain_Management_in_Low-Resource_Settings.pdf
• The Palliative Care Association of Uganda and the Uganda Ministry of Health.
Introductory Palliative Care Course for Healthcare Professionals. 2013.
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