DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIES

Conception of reading and theoretical models:

Goodman (1970): The process of reading begins with the

graphical signs of the print paper;

Silveira (1993): An attempt of explanation of mental processes

(cognitive and linguistic);

Frank Smith(1989): Reading is based on the non-visual

information more than on the visual information and that
children learn to read trough materials and activities related to
what they already know;
Gough(1971): A serial processing starts by firstly
recognizing the visual information .

Laberge and Samuels(1993): See reading as na

automatic processing;

Rumelhart(1981): Meaning becomes possible through

the interaction process between the reader and writer,
semantic knowledge influences the perception
Stanovich(1980): Defends that the readers can
compesate deficiences in reading making use of top-
down and bottom-up processing ;

Just and Carpenter(apud SILVEIRA, 1993): Emphasize

the visual performance in the reading process;
Kintsch and Van Dijk (apud SILVEIRA, 1993):
Emphasize the process of compreehension of texts;
THE CONCEPTION OF STRATEGIES:
 Prediction;
 Selection;
 Inference;
 Confirmation;
 Correction;
 Skimming;
 Scanning;
 Delaited reading;
 Seaching for the main ideas;
 Critical reading;
There are also other equally important strategies to the
reading process, such as:

Skimming: fast reading to find out the general idea for the
text;
Scanning: fast reading to find out specific information;
Detailed reading: fearching on detailed information;
Searching for main ideas: used to summarize and
discussing about the text;
Critical reading: reading to question about different point
of view in the text.
DISCOURSE ANALYSIS CONTRIBUTIONS
Language as a system;

Functioning of the language;

A SOCIOCOGNITIVE APPROACH OF READING
The theoretical perspectives, according to Leffa(1999), are:

Ascending approches (based on the text);

Descending approaches (based on the reader);
Conciliating approaches (based on a discoursive
community);
READING AT SCHOOLS
School Institutions have always been responsible for
the teaching and development of reading in our
society.
READING AT SCHOOLS
READING: Activity x Exercise.

Reading is only to develop oral practice, without

considering texts. The pupils see reading as a tedious,
repetitive and irrelevant practice.
READING AT SCHOOLS
Schools must promote reading through activities
organized taking the learner into account,
considering their integral development and preparing
them to face a literate society. To achieve this, teachers
must diversify texts and textual genres, develop
reading strategies, permit students to participate with
their previous knowledge and develop their formations
as readers.
READING AT SCHOOLS
Some of them defend that foreign language teaching
must integrate the four abilities, some other believe
that the only ability which can be taught succesfully is
reading.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH!!!