KRUSKAL-WALLIS TEST

Discussants: CRISTINE M. SANTIAGO EDU 309

EDJOVEL T. SAUL Statistics for Educational Research
What is Kruskal-Wallis Test?
The Kruskal-Wallis test or H-test is
another nonparametric test which is used
to compare 3 or more independent
groups.
This is the counterpart of the F-
test (ANOVA) in parametric
test.
 When do use the H-test?

• The H-test is used when the distribution is

abnormal.
• The means of three independent groups are
compared
 When do use the H-test?

• The significant differences among three or

more groups are determined
• If we cannot use the F-test because of the
condition imposed, H-test is the most
appropriate
 Why do we use the H-test?

• Because it is appropriate to smaller

size
 How do we use the H-test?

• Rank the data of all the groups from the

lowest to the highest value.
• Assign the ranks to the corresponding
observation
• Get the R1 R2 ….. Rn
• Determine the sample size of every group
 How do we use the H-test?

• Use the formula of H-test

Where:
H = Kruskal-Wallis test 12 = constant
n = the number of observation 3 = constant
 Example:

• Consider the examination scores of samples

of high school students who are taught in
English using three different methods.
• Method 1 – Classroom instruction &
Language Laboratory
 Example:

• Method 2 – Classroom instruction only

• Method 3 – Self- Study in language
laboratory
Use the H-test at .05 level of significance to
test the null hypothesis that their means are
not equal.
 Example:
Method 1 R1 Method 2 R2 Method 3 R3
94 17 85 8.5 89 12
88 10.5 88 10.5 78 3
90 14 90 14 75 2
95 18 80 6 65 1
92 16 79 4 80 6
90 14 85 8.5
80 6
n1 = 6 = 89.5 n2 = 7 2 = 57.5 n3 = 5 3 =24
Arrange the scores from the lowest to highest
Number Rank

1 65 1
2 75 2
3 78 3
4 79 4
5 80 6
6 80 6
7 80 6
8 85 8.5
9 85 8.5
10 88 10.5
11 88 10.5
12 89 12
13 90 14
14 90 14
15 90 14
16 92 16
17 94 17
18 95 18
 Problem:

Are there significant differences in the average

scores using the three different methods of
teaching English?
 Hypotheses:

 Ho: There are no significant differences in

the average scores using the three different
methods of teaching English.
 H1: There are significant differences in the
average scores using the three different
methods of teaching English.
 Computation:
=

=
=
=
H
 Decision Rule:

 If the H-computed value is greater than the

X2 tabular value, disconfirm the Ho.
 Conclusion:

 Since the H-computed value of 10.458 is

greater than the X tabular value of 5.991
2

at .05 level of significance with 2 degrees

of freedom, the research hypothesis is
confirmed.
 Conclusion:

 This means that there is a significant

difference in the average scores using the
three different methods of teaching English.
It can be concluded that the three methods
are not equally effective.
THANK YOU!