CELLULAR

FUNCTIONS

EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

 OBJECTIVE

 Identify the different

functions of cells essential
for life

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 INTRODUCTION

Cells are the basic structural and

functional units of living organisms.
They carry out a variety of functions
essential for life.

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CELLULAR FUNCTIONS FOR
PLANTS & ANIMALS

Subtitle
 Cellular Respiration:
•Glycolysis: In the cytoplasm, glucose is broken down
into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP.
•Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle): In the
mitochondria, pyruvate is further oxidized, releasing
carbon dioxide and generating high-energy molecules
(NADH, FADH2).
•Electron Transport Chain (ETC): Located in the
inner mitochondrial membrane, electrons from NADH
and FADH2 are transferred, creating a flow of protons
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that drives the synthesis of ATP.
P R E S E N TAT I O N T I T L E 5
 Click to add photo

Photosynthesis (in plant cells and some

bacteria):
•Light Reactions: Chlorophyll absorbs
light energy, converting it into chemical
energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.
•Calvin Cycle: In the chloroplasts, carbon
dioxide is fixed into organic compounds
using ATP and NADPH produced in the
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light reactions.
P R E S E N TAT I O N T I T L E 6
 DNA Replication:
1.DNA is duplicated during the cell cycle to ensure
that each daughter cell receives a complete set of
genetic information.
Protein Synthesis:
2.Transcription: DNA is transcribed into
messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus.
3.Translation: mRNA is translated into a sequence
of amino acids, forming a protein, on the
ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
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 Cell Division:
1. Mitosis: Somatic cells divide to produce two identical
daughter cells for growth, repair, and maintenance.
2. Meiosis: Germ cells undergo two divisions to produce
gametes (sperm and egg cells) with half the chromosome
number for sexual reproduction.
Cellular Transport:
3. Active Transport: Energy (usually ATP) is used to move
molecules against their concentration gradient.
4. Passive Transport: Molecules move across the cell
membrane without the input of energy, driven by
concentration differences.

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 Cell Signaling:
1. Reception: Cells receive signals from their environment
or other cells.
2. Transduction: Signals are converted into a form that can
cause a response inside the cell.
3. Response: The cell carries out a specific action in
response to the signal.
Metabolism:
4. Anabolism: Building complex molecules from simpler
ones, requiring energy.
5. Catabolism: Breaking down complex molecules into
simpler ones, releasing energy.
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 Homeostasis:
1.Cells regulate their internal environment to
maintain a stable and optimal condition for
biochemical processes.
Cellular Movement:
2.Cytoskeleton: Cells have a dynamic structure
provided by microtubules and microfilaments
that allow for movement, support, and
organization.

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 T H E WAY T O G E T S TA RT E D I S T O
Q U I T TA L K I N G A N D B E G I N D O I N G .

Walt Disney
 TEAM

NAME NAME NAME NAME NAME

Title Title Title Title Title

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 TIMELINE

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dots, and then Show Presenter View.

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 CONTENT

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 ADDITIONAL CONTENT

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 THANK YOU

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