Nuclear fusion and nuclear fission

PaedDr. Jozef Beňuška

jbenuska@nextra.sk
During the nuclear processes the new atoms of different
elements are formed
Nuclear reaction is a process in which two nuclei, or a nucleus and
an external subatomic particle, collide to produce one or more new nuclides.
1. Nuclear fusion (A << 56)

2
1 H  H H  H
2
1
3
1
1
1

Er  4 ,03MeV
Nuclear reaction whereby small nuclei are induced
to join together into larger nuclei
-energy is given off
 1. Nuclear fusion(A << 56)

2
1 H  Li He  He
6
3
4
2
4
2

Er  22 ,36MeV
Er is negative,energy during the reaction is given off.
The products of reaction are characterised by greater
kinetic energy than the atoms that collide together
TOKAMAK
-The tokamak is an experimental machine designed to harness the energy of fusion.
Inside a tokamak, the energy produced through the fusion of atoms is absorbed
as heat in the walls of the vessel.

-is a device which uses a powerful magnetic field to confine plasma in the shape
of a torus. The tokamak is one of several types of magnetic confinement devices
being developed to produce controlled thermonuclear fusion power.
2. Nuclear fission (A > 200)
Hahn, Strassmann in 1938 – to bombard heavy nuclei
with a neutron

1
0 n 235
92 U 144
56 Ba  Kr  3 n
* 89
36
*
 
1
0

1
0 n 235
92 U  Sr 
91
38
* 140
54 Xe *
 5 n 
1
0

In each reaction 200 MeV is given off.

In majority of reaction the neutrons are formed again
 Test

Nuclear fission
-is the nuclear reaction whereby large nuclei are induced
to break up into smaller nuclei
-the energy is given off
-the reaction is used in nuclear reactors and atomic bombs

1
 Test

Určte správnu reakciu štiepenia ťažkých jadier:

a) n
1
0
235
92 U 144
56 Ba  Kr  4 n
* 89
36
*
 
1
0

b) n 
1
1
235
92 U 144
56 Ba  * 89
36 Kr  2 n 
* 1
0

c) 1
0 n 235
92 U
144
56 Ba  * 89
36 Kr  3 n 
* 1
0

d) 1
0 n 235
92 U 144
56 Ba 
* 89
36 Kr  1 n 
* 1
0