Fall 2023

CHAPTER MENG 2112

(Material Strength)

References
Multimedia Engineering Mechanics (Kurt Gramoll)
Mechanics of Materials (Beer, Johnston, DeWolf)

Slides Prepared by
K. I. Elkhodary
The American University in Cairo

PRINCIPAL STRESSES
 MENG 2112 Strength of Materials Fall 2023
Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7

MD Solids (Interactive Exploration)

Course Material for MENG 2112.

 MENG 2112 Strength of Materials Fall 2023
Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7

Stress Components Change with Direction

Course Material for MENG 2112.

 MENG 2112 Strength of Materials Fall 2023
Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7

Plane (2D) Stress Matrix

Stress can be written as a symmetric matrix.

Fx Fy For angular momentum

balance
Ax

Ay

As each stress component needs a pair of vectors (i.e. area,

force) to be properly defined.

Course Material for MENG 2112.

 MENG 2112 Strength of Materials Fall 2023
Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7

Components Change With Orientation of Axes

We choose arbitrary axes, convenient to Rotating our (arbitrary) axes could reveal
apply our formulae. Usually, any loading yet a worse stress component What is
results in multiple stresses. largest Normal and/or Shear stress?

Course Material for MENG 2112.

 MENG 2112 Strength of Materials Fall 2023
Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7

Same Load & Geometry, but Different Failures!

Fails under shear stress Fails under normal stress

(Ductile) (Brittle)
Course Material for MENG 2112.
 MENG 2112 Strength of Materials Fall 2023
Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7

Three Failure Criteria

Plane Stress

Course Material for MENG 2112.

 MENG 2112 Strength of Materials
Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7
The Failure Criteria
Plane Stress
Coulomb’s in the
maximum normal
stress criterion
(Brittle):
The structural component
is safe if the maximum
normal stress is less than
the ultimate normal stress
in a tensile test specimen.
Tresca’s is the
maximum shearing
stress criterion
(Ductile):
The structural component
is safe if the maximum
shearing stress is less
than the maximum shear
stress in a yielding tensile
test specimen.
Fall 2023
von Mises’ is the
maximum distortion
energy criterion
(Ductile):
The structural component is
safe as long as the
distortion energy per unit
volume (ud) is less than that
occurring in a tensile test
specimen at yield (uY).
Course Material for MENG 2112.
 Fall 2023
CHAPTER MENG 2112
(Material Strength)

References
Multimedia Engineering Mechanics (Kurt Gramoll)
Mechanics of Materials (Beer, Johnston, DeWolf)

Slides Prepared by
K. I. Elkhodary
The American University in Cairo

MOHR’S CIRCLE
 MENG 2112 Strength of Materials Fall 2023
Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7

Stress Matrix Rotation with Section Rotation

Represented on
Mohr’s Circle

Principal Orientation
Course Material for MENG 2112.
 MENG 2112 Strength of Materials Fall 2023
Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7

MD Solids (Interactive Exploration)

Course Material for MENG 2112.

 MENG 2112 Strength of Materials Fall 2023
Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7

Role of Mohr’s Circle

• Mohr’s circle for centric axial loading:

P
x  ,  y   xy  0  x   y   xy 
P
A 2A

• Mohr’s circle for torsional loading:

Tc
 x   y  0  xy  Tc
J x y   xy  0
J
Course Material for MENG 2112.
 MENG 2112 Strength of Materials Fall 2023
Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7

Constructing the Mohr’s Circle

for Plane Stress

2
 x  y  x  y  2
 ave  R      xy
2  2 

Course Material for MENG 2112.

 MENG 2112 Strength of Materials Fall 2023
Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7

Equations for Principal Stresses, and Max. Shear

• Principal stresses occur on the principal
planes of stress with zero shear stresses.
2
 x  y  x  y  2
 max,min       xy
2  2 
2 xy
tan 2 p 
 x  y
Note : defines two angles separated by 90o

• Maximum shear stress occurs for  x   ave

Course Material for MENG 2112.

 MENG 2112 Strength of Materials Fall 2023
Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7

Case Study (18) *Team six presents*

A new steel bracket was designed to support

various loads being hung from the end. The
designer would like to know what is the largest
load that can be hung on the bracket.

What is the maximum load that can be placed on

the bracket using the maximum distortion energy
theory?

What is known:
• Allowable yield stress for the steel is 36 ksi.
• The bracket safety of factor must be at least 2.
• Each arm of the bracket is 6 in long.

Follow this link for further discussion and info.

Further Questions:
• What load examples are suited for this design?
• If this bracket is used outdoors, and most of its
purchases are known to be from Alaska, USA.
Would it matter to this analysis?

Course Material for MENG 2112.

 Fall 2023

Course Material for MENG 2112.

MENG 2112 Strength of Materials

END
Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Chapter 7