CHEMISTRY

PROJECT
by Ayesha Shaik 9A
 INDEX-I
• WHAT IS HABERS PROCESS?
• EXPLAINING THE PROCESS
• R.O.R & EQUILIBRIUM
• USES OF AMMONIA
 HABERS PROCESS
WHAT IS HABERS PROCESS?
Haber process is basically one of the most efficient and successful
industrial procedures to be adopted for the production of ammonia.
German chemists Fritz Haber along with his assistant in the 20th century
developed high-pressure devices and catalysts to carry out the process on a
laboratory scale.
 PROCESS AND
CONDITIONS
In the Haber process, “the atmospheric nitrogen (N2) is converted to ammonia (NH3) by
reacting it with hydrogen (H2)”. Here a metal catalyst is used and high temperatures and
pressures are maintained.
The raw materials for the process are
• Air, which supplies the nitrogen.
• Natural gas and water supply the hydrogen and the energy needed to heat the reactants.
• Iron is the catalyst and does not get used up.
 REACTION RATE AND
EQUILIBRIUM
The Haber process for the synthesis of ammonia is based on the reaction of
nitrogen and hydrogen. The chemical reaction is given below. Notably, in
this process, the reaction is an exothermic reaction one where there is a
release of energy.
N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)
Nitrogen in the reaction is obtained by separating nitrogen from the air
through liquefaction and hydrogen is obtained from natural gas by steam
reforming.
CH4(g) + H2O → H2(g) + CO(g)
 INDEX-II
• WHAT IS CONTACT PROCESS?
• MANUFACTURE OF SULFURIC ACID
• EXTRACTION OF SULFURIC ACID
• PREPARATION OF SULFURIC ACID
 CONTACT
PROCESS
Contact process is one of the most popular or common methods to
manufacture sulphuric acid. The contact process was invented by a British
merchant named Peregrine Phillips. It was patented in the year 1831. Apart
from being an economical process for manufacturing sulphuric acid,
sulphur trioxide and oleum are also obtained from this process.
 SULPHURIC ACID
sulphuric acid is a strong mineral acid characterised by its strong
dehydrating and oxidising nature. It has a chemical formula H2SO4. This
acid is colourless with a pungent smell. It is soluble in water and releases
heat on contact. On top of that, this acid is corrosive to metals and most
other organic matters like tissue, wood, etc.
 MANUFACTURE
The manufacture of sulphuric acid using the contact process involves four
steps. These include;
• Extraction of sulphur.
• Preparation of sulphur dioxide.
• Conversion of sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide.
• Conversion of sulphur trioxide to sulphuric acid.
 EXTRACTION
The manufacture of sulphuric acid using the contact process involves four
steps. These include;
• Extraction of sulphur.
• Preparation of sulphur dioxide.
• Conversion of sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide.
• Conversion of sulphur trioxide to sulphuric acid.
 THE
PREPARATION OF
SULPHURIC ACID
BY THE CONTACT
PROCESS
Thank You