CONTRIBUTIONS OF R.F.

CHAPMAN
IN INSECT PHYSIOLOGY

PRESENTED BY,
S.ELAKKIYA
2019505033
 R.F.CHAPMAN

 Chapman born in 1930, London

 Bachelor's degree in science - Queen Mary College, London - 1951.

 Ph.D. at Birkbeck College,

 In 1953 - locust control service , East Africa

 In 1957 - studied tsetse flies , University of Ghana,.

 In 1959 - Birkbeck to teach zoology.

 In 1969 - The Insects- Structure and Function

 In 1970 head at research division of the Anti-Locust Research Centre

 R.F.CHAPMAN’S CONTRIBUTION

 1969 - The Insects- Structure

and Function
 R.F.CHAPMAN’S CONTRIBUTION

 Comprehensive Insect
Physiology, Biochemistry and
Pharmacology
 Volume 4
 Structure of the digestive
system.
 Coordination of digestion.
 R.F.CHAPMAN’S CONTRIBUTION

 Advances in Insect
Physiology, 1982
 Volume 16,
 Chemoreception: The
Significance of Receptor
Numbers
 Pages 247-356
 R.F.CHAPMAN’S CONTRIBUTION

 Exogenous & Endogenous

Influences on Metabolic &
Neural Control, 1982
 Volume 1
 Regulation of Food Intake by
Phytophagous Insects
 Pages 19-30
 R.F.CHAPMAN’S CONTRIBUTION

 Perspectives in
Chemoreception and
Behavior
 Chapter 10 - The Evolution of
Deterrent Responses in Plant-
Feeding Insects (E.A. Bernays
and R.F. Chapman)
 Pages159-173
 R.F.CHAPMAN’S CONTRIBUTION

 Regulatory Mechanisms in
Insect Feeding, 31 July 1995
 Mechanics of food handling
by chewing insects
 R.F.CHAPMAN’S CONTRIBUTION

 Biology of Grasshoppers
 Food selection
 R.F.CHAPMAN’S CONTRIBUTION

 Experimental Analysis of
Insect Behaviour
 The Regulation of Food
Intake by Acridids
 R.F.CHAPMAN’S CONTRIBUTION

 Encyclopedia of
INSECTS
 Feeding behaviour
CASE STUDY
 R.F.CHAPMAN’S CONTRIBUTION

 Grasshoppers are unusual amongst herbivorous insects in having

large numbers of chemo- receptors on the mouthparts.

 This article first discusses the number of those receptors required

by the insect to make a decision on the acceptability of a potential
host-plant and the hierachy of inputs from different groups of
receptors

 Feeding behaviour is not simply a response to a given stimulus,

but reflects the internal nutrient requirements of the insect and its
past experience(R. F. Chapman, 1988)
 R.F.CHAPMAN’S CONTRIBUTION

 This article states that the gustatory sensilla of grasshoppers

contain neurons that provide qualitatively different information
to the central nervous system and in this respect they are
comparable with those of other insects.
 Across-fiber patterning remains an essential feature of a
grasshopper’s decisions about food quality (R. F. Chapman And
A. Ascoli- Christensen, 1999).
 R.F.CHAPMAN’S CONTRIBUTION

 This article suggests an increase in the water in the gut

independent of the water in the food during a meal, but whether

or not there is also an increase of solutes is unknown

 Saliva, which is copiously secreted as a result of

phagostimulation, is swallowed and will tend to increase the

water content of the gut, but the extent of this factor is, again,

unknown (E. A. Bernays and R. F. Chapman, 1974) .

 R.F.CHAPMAN’S CONTRIBUTION

 Over the first part of the instar, growth of the anterior caecal arms is

closely correlated with growth of the whole insect, and could be part

of the normal growth process, but the fact that they subsequently get

smaller again suggests some other regulatory mechanism

 Protein intake may be a factor of major importance as suggested by

the coincidence of the regressions relating caecal size to nitrogen

intake on wheat and cabbage.

 The greater size of the caeca on a protein-supplemented, but not on

a sucrose-supplemented diet, is consistent with this suggestion.

 R.F.CHAPMAN’S CONTRIBUTION

 It is suggested that the posterior caecal arms have a special role

in the detoxification of plant secondary compounds and that the
requirement for this is reduced in graminivorous species because
of the lower levels of toxic secondary compounds in grasses.

 A specialized pocket region is present in the posterior caecal

arms of some forb-feeding species.

 It may be concerned with the removal of phenolic compounds.

 R.F.CHAPMAN’S CONTRIBUTION

 This article shows changes in insect behaviour that may lead to

host plant switches and ultimately to the evolution of new
species, may be related to simple changes in the nervous
system.

 It seems that even a single gene mutation could have a

profound effect.
 R.F.CHAPMAN’S CONTRIBUTION

 Result of this article indicate that female H. virescens larvae

easily reach their optimal carbohydrate-derived growth
(which includes lipid growth) and accumulate the required
protein by regulating both intake and post-ingestive
processing of protein

 As a consequence, protein acquired during larval feeding

must play a similarly important role in egg production in H.
virescens females.
 REFERENCE CITED

 Bernays.E.A., and Chapman, R.F. (1974).Changes in haemolymph

osmotic pressure in Lociista rnigratoria larvae in relation to feeding.
J. Ent. (A) 48 (2), pp. 149-155.

 Chapman, R.,F., Christensen, A. (1999). Sensory Coding in the

Grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae) Gustatory System. Ann.
Entomol. Soc. Am. 92(6): pp.873-879.

 Chapman, R.F. (1988). The relationship between diet and the size of
the midgut caeca in grasshoppers (Insecta: Orthoptera: Acridoidea.
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 94: pp.319-338.
 Chapman, R.F. (1988). Variations in the size of the midgut
caeca during the fifth instar of the grasshopper, Schistocerca
Americana. J. Insect Physiol. Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 329-335.
 Telang, A., Booton,V., Chapman, R.F., Wheeler, D.E.
(2001). How female caterpillars accumulate their nutrient
reserves. Journal of Insect Physiology 47: pp. 1055–1064.
THANK YOU