CALAMANSI (CITROFORTUNELLA

MICROCARPA) AND KAMIAS

(AVERRHOA BILIMBI) AS MAIN
ACTIVE INGREDIENT FOR RUST
REMOVER
ERICKA RAMONES
JOSH CYMON FLOR
KRIZELLE LACAR
ERIC ORTIZ
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
• Rust is a common phenomenon that occurs with anything that links with
metal and iron. Most of our infrastructures, vehicles, and technological
inventions are based off the use of iron.
• Rust on metals are commonly overlooked by people as they have the
perception that it is not dangerous. However, it has been scientifically
proven that metal tends to weaken once exposed to rust.
• A common way to treat rust is by purchasing branded rust removers.
Although they work as intended, they contain dangerous chemicals such as
Tannic Acid and Oxalic Acid. These products are also generally expensive
and may not be accessible to everyone.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
• One study conducted by Hitalia et al. (2019) which sought to find the
effectiveness of Kamias, Starfuit, and Karamay on stain removal. They
eventually concluded that Kamias was the best alternative to commercial
bleaches in terms of stain removal.
• Another study conducted by De Guzman et al. (n.d) which aimed to find
the effectiveness of Calamansi as stain remover, stated that the fruit was
also an excellent alternative to commercialized stain removers.
• Knowing this, the researchers have come up with a rust remover product
that mainly utilizes Calamansi (Citrofortunella Microcarpa) and Kamias
(Averrhoa Bilimbi). We have chosen these since their juices have a lower
pH level which means that they are very acidic.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Is there a significant effect of Calamansi (Citrofortunella Microcarpa) and
Kamias (Averrhoa Bilimbi) as main ingredient for Rust Remover:
• In terms of the time time it takes to remove the rust.
• The general effectivity of the product.
• Cost.
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

• H0 - There is no significant effect of Calamansi (Citrofortunella

Microcarpa) and Kamias (Averrhoa Bilimbi) as main active ingredient for
Rust Removers in terms of time effectivity, general effectivity, and cost.
• HA - There is a significant effect of Calamansi (Citrofortunella
Microcarpa) and Kamias (Averrhoa Bilimbi) as main active ingredient for
Rust Removers in terms of time effectivity, general effectivity, and cost.
SIGNIFCANCE OF THE STUDY

Environment People who want cheaper

• Our product mostly uses natural alternatives
chemicals. • Our product is cheap and affordable for
most people considering the price
difference from commercialized products.
Industrial Areas
• Since our product is effective
and accessible.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PRODUCT
PREPARATION OF PRODUCT EXPERIMENTATIO
MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT N AND DATA
GATHERING
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY PROCEDURE
PREPARATION OF MATERIALS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY PROCEDURE
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY PROCEDURE
PRODUCT EXPERIMENTATION AND DATA GATHERING
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY PROCEDURE
PRODUCT EXPERIMENTATION AND DATA GATHERING
DATA ANALYSIS

INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
• T-TEST
 CONCLUSION

• Based from the results of the experiments and the results from the computed
statistical data. Our product has performed better in all of the conditions given, and
so we therefore conclude that there is a significant effect of Calamansi
(Citrofortunella Microcarpa) and Kamias (Averrhoa Bilimbi) as main active
ingredient for Rust Removers in terms of time effectivity, general effectivity, and
cost.
REFERENCES
• (De Guzman et al, n.d) Calamansi as Stained Remover Retrieved from (https://dokumen.tips/documents/calamansi-as-stained-remover-558455e2bb79f.html)

• (Hitalia et al, 2019) Kamias (Averrhoa Bilimbi), Starfruit (Averrhoa Carambola), and Karamay (Phyllanthus Acidus) Fruit Extract as Alternative Stain Remover,
Sultan Kudarat, Philippines, Retrieved from ( file:///E:/Downloads2/33684-74389-4-PB%20(7).pdf )

• (“Learn About the Dangers of Rust”, 2019) Sam's Welding Inc. 4821 University Ave Suite B San Diego, CA 92105, Retrieved from (
https://www.samsweldinginc.com/learn-about-the-dangers-of-rust)

• (Mark, 2010) Rust Damage | Is it really that bad? CarDealExperts, Retrieved from

• (https://www.cardealexpert.com/the-expert-explains/rust-damage/)

• (“Why You Should Not Ignore Car Rust”, n.d) Las Vegas, USA, Retrieved from ( https://www.suddenimpactauto.com/why-you-should-not-ignore-car-rust )

• (“What are the Effects of Rust?”, 2020) Illinois, USA, Retrieved from

• ( https://van.physics.illinois.edu/qa/listing.php?id=494&t=effects-of-rust )

• (Tanuwijaya, 2020) Averrhoa Bilimbi as Rust Remover, Oleh Center, Indonesia, Retrieved from ( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UlzWEZJT45g )

• (Robles et al, n.d) Effectiveness of Baking Soda (​Sodium bicarbonate) and ​Calamansi (Citrofornutela microcarpa) as Stain removers, Retrieved from

• (https://pdfcoffee.com/research-paper-effectiveness-of-calamansi-and-baking-soda-as-stain-removers-pdf-free.html )