AR8601

DESIGN OF STRUCTURES-III

Er. S.Jayalakshmi
Asst. Prof / SOA/MCE
UNIT-II : DESIGN OF FOOTINGS

Types of Footings. Design of Wall footings. Design of

Axially loaded square & rectangular footings (Pad
and Sloped)
UNIT-II : T YPES OF PROBLEMS

Type 1 : Design of Wall Footing (Find Size and reinforcement)

 For Brick Masonry Wall
 For RCC Wall

Type 2 : Design of Isolated Footing (Find Size and reinforcement)

 Axially loaded Pad Footing Square &
Rectangular
 Axially loaded Sloped Footing
TYPE 2 : DESIGN OF ISOLATED PAD FOOTING
( Find Size and Reinforcement)
RCC column

AIM OF THE DESIGN

Isolated
Footing

• To find the size of footing (Length, Breadth

D
and Depth)
• To find the main bar dia and spacing
• To Find distributor bar dia and spacing
• Check the footing for Transverse (or) One L

way Shear
• Check the footing for Punching (or) Two B
PROBLEM 1 : DESIGN OF ISOLATED PAD FOOTING - RECTANGULAR
Design a rectangular RC footing of Uniform thickness for an isolated
rectangular RC column of 300mm x 450mm size carrying an working
axial load of 800 kN, Using M15 and Fe415. The bearing capacity of soil
is 120 kN/m2.

Given Data:

Column size : 300 mm x 450 mm D

Working load : 800 kN

SBC of soil : 120 kN/m2
Grade of concrete : M15
Grade of Steel : Fe415 L
450
300

B
TYPE 2 : DESIGN OF ISOLATED PAD FOOTING
Step 1 : Calculation of Size of Footing
Area of Footing , A = Total Working Load

Safe Bearing Capacity

Total Working Load = Column load + Self weight of Footing

Self weight of Footing = Assume 10 % of Column load

= (10/100) x 800 = 80

Total Working Load = 800 + 80 = 880 kN

Area of Footing , A = 880 / 120 = 7.33 m2

For rectangular footing keep L = 1.5 B

A=LxB 7.33 = 1.5B x B  B = 2.3 m
If B = 2.3m , L = 1.5B = 1.5x2.3 = 3.5m

Provide size of footing as 2.3m x 3.5m

TYPE 2 : DESIGN OF ISOLATED PAD FOOTING

Step 2 : Calculation of Net upward design pressure

Net upward design pressure , w = Factored load

Area of Footing

Factored load = 1.5 x Total working load = 1.5x800 = 1200 kN

Area of Footing = Length (L) x Breadth (B) = 2.3 x 3.5 = 8.05 sq.m

Net upward design pressure , w = 1200 / 8.05

Net Upward design pressure = 149 kN/m2

TYPE 2 : DESIGN OF ISOLATED PAD FOOTING x

Step 3: Calculation of Bending Moment

Bending Moment Mu is the max of Mxx and Myy

Bending Moment Mxx, = w x l2 xB

Where,
2
x = Breadth of column in m = 0.3 m
y = Depth of column in m = 0.45 m
l = Cantilever projection in m l
x x
(L-y) / 2 = (3.5- 0.45)/2 = 1.525 m 0.45 L
y 3.5m
L = Length of footing in m = 3.5m 0.3
B = Breadth of the wall in m = 2.3m x

w = Net upward design pressure in kN/m2 = 149 kN/m2 B=2.3m

Bending Moment Mxx = 398 kN-m or 398 x 106 N-mm

 x
TYPE 2 : DESIGN OF ISOLATED PAD FOOTING
Step 3: Calculation of Bending Moment

Bending Moment Mu is the max of Mxx and Myy

Bending Moment Myy, = w x b2 x L

2
Where, y
b
x = Breadth of column in m = 0.3 m
y = Depth of column in m = 0.45 m
b = Cantilever projection in m y L
0.45 3.5m
(B-x) / 2 = (2.3-0.3)/2 = 1 m x
L = Length of wall in m = 3.5m 0.3

B = Breadth of the wall in m = 2.3m y

B=2.3m
w = 149 kN/m2

Bending Moment Myy = 260 kN-m or 260 x 106 N-mm

TYPE 2 : DESIGN OF ISOLATED PAD FOOTING
Step 4 : Calculation of Depth of Footing
As per Annex G 1.1 (c) pg 96 , IS 456 : 2000

Where,

b = breadth of footing (B) in mm = 2300 mm

Mu = 398 x 106 N-mm (Max of Mxx and Myy)
fck = 15 N/mm2
xu max /d = 0.48 (ref. Pg.No: 70)

From above equation, Depth of footing , d = 289 mm

For shear consideration , Depth of footing , d = 2d = 2 x289 mm
= 578 mm Say 600 mm
Over all Depth D = d + 60 = 600 +60 = 660mm
Depth of Footing, D = 660 mm
TYPE 2 : DESIGN OF ISOLATED PAD FOOTING
Step 4 : Calculation of Area of steel (Ast)
As per Annex G 1.1 (c) pg 96 , IS 456 : 2000

Where,

b = breadth of footing (B) in mm = 2300 mm

d = D – effective cover (60mm) = 660-60 = 600 mm
Mu = 398 x 106 N-mm (Max of Mxx and Myy)
fy = 15 N/mm2
fck = 415 N/mm2

Area of steel, Ast = 1985 mm2

TYPE 2 : DESIGN OF ISOLATED PAD FOOTING
Step 4 : Calculation of Area of steel (Ast)

Spacing of Main Bar

Spacing required, = B * (ast/Ast) Assume 20 mm dia of main bar

ast= (/4) x 20 x 20 = 314 mm2

B = Breadth of footing in mm
ast=Area of one bar in mm2
As per Cl. 26.3.3 (b-1) Pg 46

(i) Spacing required , S = 2300 * (314 / 1985) = 364mm

(ii) 3d = 3 *600 = 1800 mm
(iii) 300 mm
No need for distribution bar.
Whichever is less Provide main bar as T20 @ 300mm c/c
(Both ways)
TYPE 2 : DESIGN OF ISOLATED PAD FOOTING x

Step 5: Check for one way Shear

As per Cl. 34.2.4.1 (a) pg 65 , IS 456 : 2000
critical section lies at a distance of effective depth d from
face of column
As per Cl. 40, pg 72 Actual shear stress,

Shear force Vu is the max of Vuxx and Vuyy Shaded

area
Actual shear force Vuxx= w x Shaded area
s
Shaded area = B x s x x
d
y
Where, 0.6 0.45 L
x 3.5m
B = 2.3 m
s = [(L-y) / 2] – d 0.3
= [ (3.5-0.45) /2] – 0.6 = 0.925 m
B=2.3m
Actual shear force Vuxx= 149 x 2.3 x 0.925

Actual shear force Vuxx= 317 kN

TYPE 2 : DESIGN OF ISOLATED PAD FOOTING x

Step 5: Check for one way Shear

As per Cl. 34.2.4.1 (a) pg 65 , IS 456 : 2000
critical section lies at a distance of effective depth d from
face of column
As per Cl. 40, pg 72 Actual shear stress,

y Shaded
Shear force Vu is the max of Vuxx and Vuyy area
d 0.6
Actual shear force Vuyy= w x Shaded area

Shaded area = L x s
y
Where, L
0.45 x 3.5m
L
s = [(B-x) / 2] – d
0.3
= [ (2.3 – 0.3)/2] – 0.6 = 0.4 m
Actual shear force Vuyy= 149 x 3.5 x 0.4 s
B=2.3m
y
Actual shear force Vuyy= 209 kN
TYPE 2 : DESIGN OF ISOLATED PAD FOOTING
Step 5: Check for one way Shear

As per Cl. 40, pg 72 Actual shear stress,

Shear force Vu is the max of Vuxx and Vuyy

Where,
Vuxx= 317 kN = 317000 N

Vuyy= 209 kN = 209000 N

b = 2300 mm
d = 600 mm
Actual Shear stress, v = 317000 / (2300 x 600)

Actual Shear stress, v = 0.23 N/mm2

TYPE 2 : DESIGN OF ISOLATED PAD FOOTING
Step 5 : Check for One way Shear
As per Table 19
Find c,
Where,
Ast provided = 1985 mm2
d = 600 mm
b = 2300 mm

Permissible Shear stress, c= 0.29 N/mm2

As per Table 20

Find c max, for M15 grade

Maximum Shear stress, c max= 2.5 N/mm2

v < c < cmax

SAFE AGAINST ONE WAY SHEAR

 TYPE 2 : DESIGN OF ISOLATED PAD FOOTING
Step 6: Check for Two way or Punching Shear RCC column
As per Cl. 34.2.4.1 (b) pg 65 , & Cl 31.6 IS 456 : 2000

Two way vertical shear at a critical distance of Half the

effective depth (d/2) from periphery of column.
Isolated
As per Cl. 40, pg 72 Actual shear stress, Footing

Punching shear across section zzzz (Blue line)

Punching shear force Vuzz= w * [ (L * B) – (l * b) ]

d/2
l = x+(d/2)+(d/2) = 0.3+(0.6/2)+(0.6/2) = 0.9

b = y+ (d/2)+(d/2) = 0.45+ (0.6/2)+(0.6/2) = 1.05 z

d/2
z
y L
Punching shear force Vuzz= 149 x [ (3.5 * 2.3) – (0.9 * 1.05) ] l
x
z b z

Punching shear force Vuzz= 1065 kN = 1065000 N B

 TYPE 2 : DESIGN OF ISOLATED PAD FOOTING
Step 6: Check for Two way or Punching Shear RCC column
As per Cl. 34.2.4.1 (b) pg 65 , & Cl 31.6 IS 456 : 2000

Two way vertical shear at a critical distance of Half the

effective depth (d/2) from periphery of column.
Isolated
As per Cl. 40, pg 72 Footing
Actual shear stress,

Punching shear force Vuzz= 1065 kN = 1065000 N

b = Punching perimeter of zzzz d/2

= [(x+d)*2 + (y+d)*2 ] = [(0.3+ 0.6)*2 + (0.45+0.6)*2]
= 3.9m = 3900 mm
z

d/2
z
d = Effective depth = 600 mm y L
x
z z
Punching shear stress vz = 0.48 N/mm 2

B
 TYPE 2 : DESIGN OF ISOLATED PAD FOOTING
Step 6: Check for Two way or Punching Shear
As per Cl 31.6 .3, pg58 IS 456 : 2000
c = 300/450
= 0.67

ks = (0.5+ 0.67)
= 1.17

ks is least of 1.17 &1

hence, ks = 1

ks.c = 1 x 0.25 x sqrt(20)

= 0.96 N/mm2

vz < ks.c SAFE AGAINST SHEAR

TYPE 2 : DESIGN OF ISOLATED PAD FOOTING

Step 7: Check For Safe Bearing Capacity of Soil

Actual pressure = Total load

Area of Footing (L x B)

Total load = Column load + Self weight of footing

Self weight of Footing = Length (L) x Breadth (B) x Depth (D) x 25

= 2.3 m x 3.5 m x .66 x 25 = 133 kN
Total load = 800 + 133 = 933 kN

Actual pressure = 933 / (2.3x3.5) = 115.9 kN/m2

Actual pressure < Safe Bearing Capacity of soil

115.9 kN/m2 < 120 kN/m2
Hence SAFE
TYPE 2 : DESIGN OF ISOLATED PAD FOOTING

T20 @ 300 mm c/c

(Both ways)
D
0.6m

L
450
3.5m
300

B
2.3m