BULDING MATERIALS CoNSTRUCTION

201051 202 TPuyadhashin

MODEL EXAM

PART-A

Tupes of Salanls anol Adbesives:

Sealonts Adhusiveb
Aougic RusirN Duy Adhusive
Acoustic sealant Hot mut Adhuaeme
Adhusive btalont buAww Sonsi five adhusive
Butyl Rulbber L Heat cwing adhusive

Sealants Adhesives
Sealants have a paste ike * Adhusivcs ale in iqud om

Consistan whidh alaws ili ng- Ohich becomL Soud afon the
Usecd ho
of 9aps betwcn substanu /Suhshate appicahion and fhun
ard hot ow prusuzu Shinkage bohd matoiaks bgiNUL
atui he appication. ighty
{lexibibi *Riqid DurUd, Malleabl
ovw Siongtn, Hugh

PTFE PoLy TETRA FLURo ETHYLENE

T t s (OTMmenial nau is TeHon At is a dynthutic

that is namud as
wnopoymn of khofunncHhytru
thu lon. Telon ls a kaditional nau Y PTFE
t i s anti-CorYosí ve, non-uackive a s move tnsile

Shength
PTFE is an urtui Stablu and nori-dangIous Matuual

but toxic at Sorn kwds

 aint manufactune

Mixing
fnal shrage
Gnindinr 7Mna ThuPaste
utto, Tioa, talc

Calcium (atbonate

Siuca
SeuondanyPacking Soage Dispalth
Fiting >
hinrin
Trinning Seruing
Thinning CAnal)
Tupes o Rints
- Emulsion paink
oiloil paint
Bituminous point
Cellulose puint
Plasti paine
*Enamul paint
6 inc-vcn paink
t is sed as pimn b ngn pojomana twoq three coat system.
For upair df bolch, hot- dip aalvanizad coating is done.
Tn orgaric zinc paits may be USec
inclupchdantty r cooson

Blisterun
T t is caused oy yoatn vapOUL Resan
ohich s rapped berind poùnted
+
Peuling- is an adhusive ulure
o u Ahe
Snau T is du b itmponfcc faint fum pesls
Sosorig of AMu ima or exuse way hem thu sunfaa du b
the weak adhisiVe.
oi n th finol coa.
8DEFECTS IN PAINTING

WRINIkUNG

CHALKING

FLAKING
SA61GING
BLlSTERINGI PEE LING
FADING/ COLDUR WEAKNING

GvesUM_
Gtypsm is 100. nuCudauble

*Tt Can be uscd as a sulfun ouhilizen r Crops

LARa Corn soy bean and Canola.

Wat and
Ogpsum Äs notwral q WiU absoYo
brtak apant thus it is Bio dugradabl

PART-P
Consucion and finishus Ot he
Thu difeurt compositions.
oldhd plates and shell shruchw

FOLDED PLATES
Foldud plate shutww aa kypicoly made of

sitc or pucast Juanjorud conoute Ov teu plate

COst in
Th u ndined n duount duudions and au

Joinud along rui Longiludinal edgus.

T h kom d d d shudwus u 3D Shtchutes

Spatial shudwu dhd Ahu belong h thu shuctwial Syprms

S 2210It is Ahe Citoud

for dusign of the

Conoul shull Suckwtus And loldicd plate

infoed
COMPoSITION
eadh individual Folding sudwu are
The Composition of
Thu pattoh of he oldinq

Thur otmuhic basic shape

hi mavual used
The conhedtion of thhu di wunt plan
Desigh of thu beoings.

CONSTRUCTION:
conshuction.

Sevenal benifits of
oldud ploke
T h e u arL Akwlls, with
han otrwi
simpwa
o manu fadwu
u
I usually use
uquired and
lahvdy simple
omuoork

a mulhudu Of Shapes and oviall fom

Thy Can pMovide
Pusmaic Rdangulan plate
Puraudal Non-Rachangla plores
. Pusmoidal: Triangula or Arapezoidal plat

shuctwus hoNe an irmtrustic ugidih and high

Foldad Plare
whudh makes thum econotmical ovo
Lood-cavyng Capaits
that nud o be fru o inbinal couumns
Long spons

FINISHES
Tapoud Foldud PMate
FOlded plate Truss
Foldd Plate Rigid Frau
Ed Suppottd Folded Plates
* aus Contiruous with shuuu
Thva seMunt Foldud ate
SHELL STRUCTURES
stcww in Building (onshudhioh a thin
shell
shaped o
runsrit appicd rca by the
Cuivecd plate Shuctwe
that a t in t h Plane
Compussive knsil and sheai stress
ha su{au. Thu a u also callud plokcsudoU
Of

Mumbranu shructure
LatticL shel shuchi

AlsD callud 9rid shukwtws, oftun Tt indud, abic s u c t u r

Cuncd ottu n s i l shructuuD
ih Ahu omo a guodesic dote
shudwe CAblu dorMes and puunahc Shut
Or a hypoiboloid

COMPOSITIoN
shul 10os may
hu domu O the Pantruon in RoTML
such as
Singu shuus
JFK Tnkeinahona
NulH-shl noofs auh as FO1D Oinun's
Ainport in Nw Vovk.
Jom wzans
ReinoCad with stuctwial ubs. ouch as
Sydnuy Opoa House.
Nomcun Fostuis GiYear Couwtk
L o u a shutuu. 6uch as

at thu Bi tish Museum in 0mdon.

CONSTRUCTION

SHEL ROOF

insitu ainbud
Tu Ou most Commony Conshucttd usinq

COmout, howve1, Othi makuals 6uch a s Cnd Aiuboi and

Stul. iay be usd or unorad kotuce Or omposikt sucruu

DHOunhate Gypsum rom POP. witt a Note dn hu manufacuve

o 9upsum, with sRchus pnopotita.

DIFFERENCE
The Prumany difouna botwcen gupsum and he
is ouund in ha
is Mat calawm Sulphate dihydrate
Plastui of Pavus
n
kunihydrates a u contaurud
8UPSum, wheieas Calium Auphah

thu Plash o Pavis

is qpsum Gupsum
A natwialuy oCCwing mirnwial
u n huatd o Such a kupoiatme.
Shapu Ahe Pornis plashn

soft sulfate minuial COmpostd of calciumm

wpsum is a

uihuaas FoP is made by huaing GuJpsunm. 6uypsuh

sllatt dilhydran
IS a natwiclly ocuwung unoial whuitas poP ds mac tom

thu basic ouypsum

MANUFACTURE OFGYPSUM
basic stago in he gypsSum p10u5sing
Thou a tive
Excavalicn
)Cushung
Soveni
Cnrindang
Huoin9

EXCAVATION
out a n arca d
T is cavucd out by dgging-
OPn -Last tdhriguw e
kOCatco
uslng
whut the ypSumds
ground
mirs may be nuded. The
or arnakt
dupot duposits dnft
To uadh
5 applied b dig out the

chilung and digging eupment

ove n
eXcavakion Stugu
O1ups um
 CRUSHINNG
The oupsum 10cK S advisable bebre pm0te ssing
uww espcially if Aubsequont huaing is ho be dona in a pan
nator han shaft kiln
a
Cushig should wdiAa hu
9yP u
to grain uss than a
uw u ietus anoss
SCREENING
oith a sicvo oill umove laqe qrains whuch have

not ban ushud p1opoy and which may contaun åmpwuties.

GIRINDING:
Unlike with otho (ements, Auh as imu and OPc Spual

mills for munvial inding may not be uqured and the ulaively
Sot gupsum could be pulveiscd in ogriautwnal mils.

HEATING
Tt mau be done in a nmber o alinvolving a ange
kwds and ost. notou d ryen uoill be appüied o
of kechnoi0gy
dewatunq he maluals, and qyclome colutor will gatu he finad

URSum powdur br aina applicalion. Dust CollecoY

CLwaoy Hua
fumaa
Cnushun
Ouypsum End
Bunkn Pruduc

47

Boi ling fwinana

Owinding miu

- MANUFACTURING OF GIVPSUM
PROPERTIES OF G1YPSUM

Chumical dossiication Suufate

Colow Ckan, co10wnuss, orite gru uloto TLd brooh

Sheakk öhite
usten Vitoeous SilRy Sugc
Dlagnbstt Tianspaunt and bladid cngstds Alabaston
Eropetries JJ
Fin, 2rainud.slighutg coloved
Custal Systm Mono Clinic
ustal Habit Nassive Flak. Elongated and gerwially prismahc
Chyotals.

wim duraild
Explain hu ypea thu Sky ighting Jn plastics
and wnite a note on Js advantage
Skurthes and Joinuy dilails
and is disadvantags.

SkyuGHTING
shuctwu
is a ught- Aransmiti ng.
*A Sku
Jhu 100f Spaa of
a bulding o
that omns au or part of
douughtinga PIpos

Acnylie shut

CommoTd ufuvud ko
as plexiglass ayic
and shrength.
ight Aransmiiacu
Sheuting ofo1s grat
n d will withsand
nauwially UV Shabu
A c u c is
Ani sun. DL
db Ats ratwal sngh
Uans of
aouse rom
is Arg prufovud mahhial or sayighe domes
acue Shuting
PLASTIC SKyLIGHTS

though skylights u a luss Common appluication

Even
fhu matouas b a
reat way b
or mulli- uall polycaotbonato»
oind a
dustnces Whilk still mectinq yowi
Span kange
Shoto koMd nuguramunt

Cucial,as hu must be usisto

u a l i y in skyughts s

o ampak, withsand Ahe dements and

be ehwvgy efiaent.

o h i l skuights have bradibiorau bun made o aass.

mary Consumois now pufo1 fhe advaun tages of Plastic

and Polycanloonate can be heattd and þrmud ino

Acyic
cliigr
domes and a varuehy of oth shap, inouasinq
breakage rom hail and ottui Sowius.
uxiabiihy and uduän ,

True maials ou aso myh Lighbi Anan glass. makng

thum a safen and more economic Choie

T r u Skuight mahutials aUu extremuy tun dional, but fhu

also ofon advantagu in disign vauehy

brunz o ay kint and

Transpannt acyucs ofo1 a

tansuant amics add thu ophon of ohut.

Acgtk shyghe

PaycanbOTiake
SKylght
 ADVANTAGIES OF PLASTIC SKYLIGHT
Ofons a Vorichy of tolouns
erapeiahuu Rasistun
Can be lse 4bmost Anuoho
RISistat ho shaHeung
ight in wight
be incopovaed
Aenogd Ansulaion can
FConoTuc
DISADYANTAGIES OF PLASTIC SKYUGIHT
Sensitive o Srathus

Can expand
Transuent
Not ranspaunt lbuk
6 OV Protukion is Qwstionable

DETALS

ovoiall weattuud.

siza
RoDf openi ng
Plasticsut

From Profik
Kutb

Roofing tumbrane
-FRrushing Jntinal S e

Plashi boand

- SECTiON :
 GEODESIC DOME

A g0dusic dotMc is a humisphouicol hin-shal

Shuwu based on a ouodisic pouyherlvon. Thi biangula

elmons of thu dome a u shuckwnal ugid and dishibuke

the shudhwal AveM thoughtouk Ahe s h u i

PORPOSE
Th gcodusie dome s a dhudhwnal Comprised or

Gcodusin, a oucs of shaigt Jänu oh a unveo spaa that

inhmsees o om a iangla.

CONSTRUCTION
Nost dome kits au built aBop Conoute oundaion
slalos ofton. rux Alabs a uassed mhb ha round b poid

a basemut v L
Toundahoh Walls and Hisoi wals au Usually nmadu o

COnouk o wod. Tnvuor AVisudakion genwialuy Consish of fibonglas

bating or Aprayd on wuhanu, Uuuios, Or yuynuna plasti

Foom maials

Hovalhlu Shucwus may be bult of poyinyl chlohd

Pi or galvonuzed sruE orau conduutOmu coyoud wim

Plashic ahuhig or panachutt onopis.

As Manu as half of u ianga in Xh domes

owok how Can be umoved without weakning thu shuctwu,

Se door and windo) Oponp o AM ouase
Ahe ooY Apaa.
Wood iha is Co-20Cm ) Atudh. thois make this
Spa ca l 5-21 in C84 - 53 m) Juck
 GEODESIC DOME

JoINERRy TRIANOIULAR PANELS

ADVANTAGIES
natuwmas elumunts
Thy uSIst the
Flicent Shape
Anow
Shon9 aginst Wind
Envigy efidet
Efiant aur ciruulation

lermponatwu ConhoL

Shong shu cwraly4

_DISADVANTAGIES

Difiau o roof
or a long ime
N o tushingu
Expensiv fire escapes
divisións 4 rDoms.
o (Yeake
Difticult
RiquivC expoienud bulduis
PART-C
D
MODERNMETHODS OF CONSTRUCTION
Modun muhods of Conshudcion au abotuk
bettn paoduds ad pnocuso. Thuy aunm o Ampove busiUS
efudenay quailyCughurmun satisfactiom. nvinenlal p1omanu
SUstainabily ind the pudicabily of duliwuy timustals.

MMC a oftor hwialdr Ahuir abilihy veAolve

tu Conshucion Andusy challengs of a diminishing

wDYk forca und ma PrrclucHvi nats, khilst aso dilivrna

a more ewgy efuunt buil Cnironmnt

a u Sumingus thu Lastab panacua of indushy

ipxoveunt. Much of thu dubaBe taks plaa an thu COntt of

unib
housing Moolulan Consucian Wwu by Ahvu-dimunsinal
iousin
au produad n a jadory ancl thun ransportd o fu sik

Dhuu u y u bolkd koghn

N O n - shudwial pods hich ou in coporatd witain

wich
oad bearing-Shruckuotus: Pandised 2uslcms
au

ikc as fat parul unih. hwu as Used o

ansportd to
the pwnp0Sk o euinal dadaun
and au
ypically mad

Oimbo1,light Stad or Conouk

ub- aSsembue and conporub ouch as noof ra

Cass ektu.
and thu oor
P e s of Madin Numods o Conshuuion (MMC)

Pucast Flat Paund systom

3D Yotumuhnc Nodulo

Flal slab conshucion

Pucast claddig panuls

and Flops
(Onou a l l

Juwin wau Technolog

Prucast Conout Foundahoh

Conouk Fovmwok Insulahioh

APPLICATION IN PRECAST

Conshuchion
involves the pm dux
This uthod o
For his, Mpocue
Hoor and wall unis off Site
mating
ou uquird
aory butuhs and acukes
Panel unilb au madu as per h Precast
na Me

and uquiremunb, huy au brough

dsign opuficahion
and h i s muthod is best Duitcd or thu
Jo thu site plaud
activitios.
COmsmucion P10cd
L petiive
Panels marufatwud has Ahe soAViCus O LOihdows,
Thu

doors ond
Aha jinishus This muhod also bri hgs buülding
whih wu phovide d with insulation a

envelope pand
Mu faccory onidh
ducoraive cladding that itled o
uscd as Ahe Load-beuing lements
Can be
 Xhe
,o Ahe pucast
For Ahi 1apid conshudion
n be employed us uthod is m
Conoutt dusm
Suitd or a bespokI dusign

Hou, he demnts uquwud or the Conshuchion

ofoundaion au
consudtd Apanadu 4n thu fach
Cot sit ) and brouglt o th site 4 assembud. The

have he assuud ualihy as

Manufawud plodudt must
Speaficd by hu disigrun

* Thus is best suld or extreme adveASe weath

Conditions. hen mu Conshcion is dualk on a highlu

COmtaminatd qound, s SKtm Conshuchon is

a bet hoice