ECOYD OKDEK D

300
n s t doivat odges a tonhtdoa0 phesent o,
o The thresld val
oAge maguitude i Lasge Compastd
deuntiu, edge t
at locai
prLstn at thato
daLt t tonod
she hu Antsnd deuvatiue uo
a n bi obseued a a
s lke 30s0 nosing, whieh

ehange
Faut duninatiue

Seeoud drivatuu

Lagla.eua Gperalo
u aut o tht 3exo OKng algoruthm
.
Loplactan algouihm
lo noiul ucaus
Loplaian mals ase ury aennunte
euuen a Amall upple looks like odg
me maguuludr chickunj,
Jhureu image
must e f l d frut and hen edge dleckin
phoes applind.
. Adunutatp: hual måaks
a natationally marant
3hsLaploeians al9D kunetion {Cay) io a nd uderv
doivotiu definud as

Rla {(atg)- of(a) +f a-t )

3lo24y) -24ag)t{laig-1)
4ot1g)t Ho-l )14o*)+4(a1)- uflavj)
 e wnllena
g o Mhm e a n

mes103m
ale the ma

jonesale
opply h em a h

Zeno npNg a silualion wk

CnesUng
a
ebict
the zeno
toboukroo d om eack ohen pirel

mantuo

laplaciam
DHeunt

detietion apealor ahould

cdpe
ueing Luned lo any aeale
Be capaele of sseond desivatie
the kiut and
ecmpuling
B eapable
do munamiae The Aueptilbiuty of the laplactan epealo
nout

Laplaenn e yaumam oG pialot iu en preleuedyu

REG1ON GROWINGALgOR3H s
ugiem ghousing algouithm u a noeedu that gneups parl
bMgions n a lage agons haud m prudefmed eaua
gout. h uauie opproath u To lart wth a aet f
md'peinti, and yom theuL guow e9c0ns y appending o
earh nd thet nughbouning puacls that Aau
phepedis imlar To the Aid (sueh a4
paodalintd
hanges of mtnsit
calou
A powillo 3350344
pudicati may be
piLel hol a a) 8-onaeetodappendeng lo taeb seedl
p thab aud all ha
t it. ung absoude vnlunsu and b) Arilar
imiudaail gun pudicale appiua denets
as a
masre. o
at eaeh locatlon
Cn) u
TRUE, the abaduto. du{{amene o ntunitiu
Lud rnd tHhe pinul at blw h
(o) u <T
FALSE othui
wh T d a A Ledd tuutl
 n umillal t of Amall aeas a e Leaavelb mud
eonstnainu.a
ccondingg tb unmulasily
Aed pirel and Oompo
Stal y ehoesing an aslithany
itwth lghbovtng puxel
rom the auel pinel adding
addin9
Rrqon s gneuon
sunmlan, nertasng
the b
au
htghlsouuing pinels
that

the cgon
o One iguon Alops ue
Amply cho
whn the gnowth
another ud pinel whioh olats
not jel lelong
aud Atast agaim
eonlntuud unlul all pinls u
Zhu wholu proetss

AOmt neger
Jhu a botlom-up apphoach .

DISADVANTGE a
Housu dastig with a parlieula Aud pnel and uttino
thu egion qxais tompluti hekore lryimng otha Auds uiaau
th uzmenitilion n lavouh t a t ngions whieh ar
gmubd kst.
iHurt dets uda mad ge dibleunt augomextatin nbi
fueoums tan o 4Th Aud poimt lius on a edae
te eounb the abou prollerm Limuultantous
tuchngus haue hen deuelapeol
gwn grnuy
.Ne unglu negor is allouned lo
c0mpleteu dominatu h
pMDeedings
noongims al aloured e gnoo at
he aame umb
AUmula gims w gnadualy evalesea mta
guomA erpandung
M
 o n a g / u e r

a l g o n i t h

o898
o O 98
O 8 89

I2 8 8 9
leung use
Ated poimts Sand Sz be and
Ruptefivnl
. n auholol valu 0
n S 9
lo- f a ' | ET

lo)-9E4
e publa valuts of a){5,c7, 8,9 -ut thit be
Iun S
14o)-4Ca)|£T
l 3)-11 4
penkle valuu o {a) fo,1,2,3}:4,5>utai

Junor, Th
huultant mag
B eAA A 07 8 4
66AAA
66A AA
66AAA o 8& 9
o 8A AA L2 8 89
R R
 REG1ON sPLITTING AND MERGING

Subdiuide mage initially nlo

Aet oo disyount
a 40

desyont
atomathag
an
the uguons am atto
n an
and thn muge and/o tplit
Lo salushy the eonditims of ugmarilatwn
agon and aleet
Let KsupneLent the erilir mage
K 4 to Ausd,
pedueate . On appmoach o Agmenty so Aa
dnnalln quadant negt0ns
i dueemively nto
We atart weh Th enta
Atg0n Ri, 8(Ri) = TRUE.
QAy diudi Lhe qpuadrtnk
ALgLO,K. 9 SR)
FALSE, uu mage
g s FALSE {o ay quadsanl,a
Unle st-9uadsan.
t o ub-quadianls and a e ee

4ubdinde that quadamt

has a ephiyenlalion
eonunient
Ohis apliting teehnaue
quadtrus, e , u s n which aart
h t form
the A0-calld
descendanks. vali that the oet
hode has eraetly eur
anlse umagl and h a t
lach mode
uL eoreLponds to Al
to thi Aubdtiuison a mode mlo ou
nupends
dusendaut nodes
e y 4plibting u ud, the knal patlition normallyy
eortains adjant gions with edentucal pruepelies,
di dsausbaek ean bi emedud loy alloueing miging
well as uplutting.
uro adjacnt mguons and
R; R, are mngaol only
gR UR ) = TRUE
Summauad AAS
1. Cplit ints
lour disjount quadaans ony
gRi):FAtSE mgion Ri o whish
A, whun no
uhu splitling u pesubl,
0gL0ns Ri Ond R o whieh muge any adjacL
3Stop whun o g(R; UR) TRUE.
fthn megrmg
pohbu
 R

Sxample
Cala giun' umage, P aplur dnd mge algonithm
6566 7466
676554
66 4 4 3 2 56
s454 2 3 4 66

o 3 233 247

I O O 34 4
o o 2 3 54
uheld, T 3 b e o
MOR. pinul
-
7

7-0 4 T-
MAO penel-mn ptl
A 1-4 :34T
6T6 75 54 t K -2 : 5f1
664 43 256 Rg1-0#
Ry 9-0 34T
5 45 4 2 3 4 6
o32 33 24 Kg 7-5 24T
oo 0 0 26 K Re 1-4 3T
Ru 6 to 3 4 Kas' 6-4 24T

354 K24 3-2 - T

3-23-2 =l 4T
Rg 7-y 3 T
K335-4 / £T
F34 30 34T
 Nungung
6+6 H5 5 4 4 R
46 4 432 5 6
5 445 42346
3 2 33 2 4
OOo2 2 5 6
Iot o2 31541

man in Ar: mar in

R7
mun m K, 4 mun m Ky 5
o42Ploune 21-4:3 4T f 7-5 -2ir
Ru R - 2 *S does mf satisty =Y LOOnt mage
3-4 J

K Kag 7-5 2 T
5-4 =t T g
P13 Reu6-2 4 1dot het satiefy wor muge
3-4I J
uRs R3a -2*5
doea not satify
3-4e-J wor mage
u
Rgi LRy: -03 4T1
3-21
1&T J
Rgy Rs3 5- doea nof satsfy wonlmay
3-y

uPLRy 7-b 7 doe

not salint =) wont
3-4- mige
u Ry Kg 3r0 3
3 - 2 = Jmenge
u
Ry Ray 3- 0 3
3-03.age
y
Kon Ras 7-4 3
M
5-4 . mnge
-S wontmuy
2
 RaaRa33 612
-4 3 mege
g

Rs2 R237
6 42,
3 nge

& 6 1 554
&6443 2 56
4 6
5 45 4
23

O 32 3 3 2 47
OOo o 2 256
oo944
IO1 2 3 54
p Dn 2 A
Ultant mage

o reoslabarnok(3ue)a

eohonpph
 IMAGE DEGRADATION &RES TORATION
Dmage krgsyadalion

Noiat
Bluun Axtelaeg
Noiue-9E a diuluneane that eauAueluation im
pinel ualus theulew pinel ualues thous nandem vai ma
Bluvr - 9t makes an umage luss elear L makos the

image analuis diwutt.

&uhlaea - TAut au exhemt utenuy et coleu lutuat..
wheh makis an mage meanmgls .
tuatin
when an mage is acquned by the vmagung dysim,
protss of degnadälion lari

egnadaluon 3 Restoratim fo
fuvetion pltor

DognadaluOn Restoration
eh larg): otaunal image.
l ) : doghadalion furckon
gay): degnaded mage
a ) : noiue
n alinta apar imvalant (Ls) eyslem, degradatien u
modslled as an opualo H .

Gpralor H kas The

lolloustng ppopelies
wnan operatou
petion imvauaut .obeys he suls {
omag ened
 Addiiue hoLce

intar lolhuming a)H )* Llaj)

in bluning and additue nout

MpAestnls conveuilion operator

em
fsom the tonuoluition Lheotem, tht quiualent ot aboue
8atcov n
Thentqutnty domaim u
Gluv) H(u,v)F(u, b) + N(u,v)
ONgAnal mage ean e tnieuud lg heoaranging ths
epation
'F(u,v)_4(u,) N(u,u)
H(u,u)
H(u,u)
BRiginal image {(a,]) can bt obtaintd lby opplying an
ALLL Heurus Bamsem F(uv)
NOISE MoDE LL IN

yeL4oNeue
yausHan
Baand disbubution Pouwem

yamma diutibtion
Pased on eomelation Ohit noise
Colond noise
nad en natwe addetiue, noise
mulliplitalive nsise
quantigation noise
photon noise
models- hmzaus bsvk. Ceg : 319)