Unit IV- Motivation and

Productivity

Prepared by-
Ramanpreet Kaur Nayyar,
SOLAM
 What is Motivation?
 The word Motivation derives from the Latin word “Movere”. The Latin word “Movere” means
“To move”, “To drive” or “To drive forward” etc.

 Motivation can be defined as stimulating, inspiring and inducing the employees to perform to
their best capacity.

 Motivation is a psychological term which means it cannot be forced on employees.

 It comes automatically from inside the employees as it is the willingness to do the work or
sometimes is driven by an external factor or personnel.
 Definitions

 Joe Kelly defined Motivation as “Motivation is a process where by needs instigate behavior
directed towards the goals that can satisfy those needs.”

 According to W. G. Scot, “Motivation means a process of stimulating people to action to

accomplish the desired goals.”

 According to Michael J. Jucius, “Motivation is the act of stimulating someone or oneself to get a
desired course of action, to push the right button to get a desired results.”
Key Elements of Motivation
 The 3 key elements are-

 1. Intensity- Intensity is concerned with how hard a person tries. This is the element most of us
focus on when we talk about motivation.

 2. Direction- The direction is the orientation that benefits the organization.

 3. Persistence- Persistence is a measure of how long a person can maintain his or her effort.
Motivated individuals stay with a task long enough to achieve their goals.
Process of Motivation
Process of Motivation
1. Unsatisfied need. Motivation process begins when there is an unsatisfied need in a human
being.
2. Tension. The presence of unsatisfied need gives him tension.
3. Drive. This tension creates an urge of drive in the human being an he starts looking for
various alternatives to satisfy the drive.
4. Search Behavior. After searching for alternatives the human being starts behaving
according to chosen option.
5. Satisfied need. After behaving in a particular manner for a long time then he evaluates that
whether the need is satisfied or not.
6. Reduction of tension. After fulfilling the need the human being gets satisfied and his
tension gets reduced.
 For example, if an employee develops
a need to earn more, this need will
make him restless and he will start
thinking how to satisfy his need. To
satisfy his need he may think of
working hard in organization and get
promotion so he will start working
hard.
 After sometime he will get incentives
or increments or promotion which will
satisfy his need.
 But motivation process does not end
by satisfaction of one need. After
fulfilling one need another need
develops and the same process
continues till needs keep emerging in
human beings.
Features of Motivation
1. Motivation is a psychological phenomenon. Motivation is an internal feeling which
means it cannot be forced on employees. The internal feelings such as need, desire,
aspirations etc. influence human behavior to behave in a particular manner. For example,
desire to have a new house, respect and recognition etc.
2. Motivation produces goal directed behavior. Motivation induces people to behave in
such a manner so that they can achieve their goal. Motivated person need no supervision or
direction. He will always work in desired manner. For example of a person has a motive to
get promotion so he will work efficiently to get promotion.
3. Motivators can be positive as well as negative. To motivate employees managers use
various motivators. Some motivators are positive and some are negative. (Motivators and
some examples have been discussed later in the slides.)
 Features of Motivation

4. Motivation is a complex process. Motivation is a complex and difficult task. In order to

motivate people a manager must understand various types of human need. Human needs
are mental feelings which can be measured accurately. If manager measures them
accurately then also every person uses different approaches to satisfy his need. Some get
satisfied with monetary incentives, some with non-monetary, some with positive and some
with negative motivators. So it is not possible to make generalization in motivation.
5. Motivation is a dynamic and continuous process. Human beings are ever-changing.
Human needs are unlimited and go on changing continuously. Satisfaction of one need
gives rise to another so managers have to continuously perform the function of motivation.
Importance-
1. Transition from negative attitude to positive attitude of the
employees- Motivation fills the gap to perform to the optimum
level in the organization. All the resources of the organization are
of no use unless and until the employees use these resources. The
motivated employees make best use of the resources.

2. Bridges the gap between Ability to work and Willingness to

work- The motivation improves the efficiency level of
employees which means the employees start performing the job
to the best of their ability with minimum wastage of time and
resources because motivated employees always go for best
utilization of resources.

3. Help in achieving the organizational goals- The motivated

employees always try to achieve the organizational goal and
contribute their best efforts for the realization of organizational
goal as they know with the achievement of organizational goal
only they can achieve their personal goal.
Importance
 4. Motivation creates supportive work environment- Through motivation the relations
between superior and subordinates are always improved. When the employees get their
need satisfied or get the recognition and respect in the organization then they always offer
a supportive hand to superiors. There is more co-operation and co-ordination in the
organization and all the employees work with the team spirit.
 5. Motivation helps the managers to introduce changes- The motivated employees show
less resistance in accepting the changes according to changes in the business environment
because they know if the changes are not implemented in the organization, not only the
organization will lose by this but the employees also will find it difficult to get their needs
fulfilled.
 6. Reduction in Employee Turnover. The motivation creates confidence in the employees
to get their need satisfied in the organization itself. They always select the alternative to
remain in the organization and increase their earning rather than leaving the organization
and increasing their earnings. With motivation employee turnovers are less because the
satisfied employees never leave the job.
Advantages of Motivation

 Advantages to Management or Organization:

• Increase in the efficiency and productivity of employees. Motivation ensures a high
level performance of employees.
• Better co-operation from employees and cordial labor-management relations.
• Reduction in the rate of labor absenteeism and turnover.
• Reduction in the wastage’s and industrial accidents.
• Improvement in the morale of employees.
• Quick achievement of business/corporate objectives and favorable corporate image.
 Advantages to Employees or Workers:
• Employees get various monetary and non-monetary facilities/benefits which provide better
life and welfare to them.
• Security of employment and other benefits due to cordial relations with the management.
• Job attraction and job satisfaction.
• Higher status and opportunities of participation in management.
• Positive approach and outlook of employees towards company, management and superiors.
• Reduction in the rate of labour turnover which is harmful to employees and management.
• Better scope for improvement in knowledge and skills of employees.
What are motivators?
 Motivators are things that induce an individual to perform. While motivation reflects
wants, motivators are the identified rewards or incentives that sharpen the drive to satisfy
these wants.
 A motivator, then, is something that influences an individual’s behavior. It makes a
difference in what a person will do.
 Obviously, in any enterprise, the manager must be concerned about motivators and also
inventive in their use. Also, he has to use such motivators as will lead the employees to
perform effectively for their employees.
 Positive v/s Negative Motivators
 Positive motivators are- Negative motivators are-
 Promotion  Warning
 Increment  issue of memo
 Bonus  Demotion
 Respect  Stopping increments etc.
 Recognition etc. Sometimes fear of negative motivators also
induces person to behave in a desired
If employee does not improve his
manner.
performance with positive motivators then
manager uses negative motivators
Intrinsic v/s Extrinsic Motivation
 Intrinsic motivation is  Extrinsic motivation, on
a type of motivation in the other hand, is a type of
motivation in which an
which an individual is
individual is being
being motivated by motivated by external
internal desires. desires.
5 P’s in Motivation
 Project- To show
People who are inquisitive can be motivated by recognizing, reinforcing and stimulating their
natural curiosity and provide them with creative outlets and opportunities to explore.
 Praise- To encourage
Motivation shall be by providing encouragement that focus on effort and improvement, not be
an assessment of a finished product
 Prize- Reward
Various ways are used as reward in motivating employees. One way is to give cash prize or
something materialistic
 Prestige-widespread respect and admiration
The employees values reward, awards, certificates, and is greatly motivated by public
recognition of their successes. A way to motivate them is to celebrate their specific area of
skills, affinity and strengths. They will come to realize that they have significant power and
potency in some areas of their development that can and should be recognized and rejoiced
over.
 Power- possession of control and strength
Employees can also be motivated by giving them the authority or power. In other words, by
giving them the control over people or work.
 Apart from the 5 P’s in motivation, it further
adds 6 C’s in it to bring in success in any
organization.

 Turner and Paris’ Six C's of Motivation (1995)

identify six characteristics of motivating
contexts.
 Choice

Choice is a motivator.

Employees can chose a task

according to their ability levels.

They choose a task that appeal

to their interests.
Challenge
Challenge is also a motivator

To call or to prove something

In other words, to participate in a competitive

situation
Control
It is essence of management

Control is a function of management

that helps to check errors and take
corrective actions. This is done to
minimize deviation from standards
and ensure that the stated goals of the
organization are achieved in a desired
manner.
Collaboration

Collaboration is a joint effort of multiple individuals

or work groups to accomplish a task or project.

Within an organization, collaboration typically

involves the ability of two or more people to view and
contribute to documents or other content over a
network.
Constructing
Systematic arrangement
of all the construction
activities before starting
actual construction work
on a project.
Consequences
 The way to motivate someone is by explaining consequences to them. These are the
results, impacts, and outcomes of our behavior.
 Motivation reflects something unique about each one of us and allows us to gain valued
outcomes like improved performance, enhanced wellbeing, personal growth, or a sense of
purpose.
 Motivation is a pathway to change our way of thinking, feeling, and behaving.
 However,
 The problem with lack of motivation is that it increases turnover.
 This can lead to resignations, which can in turn can lead to a loss of balance in the
workforce and work allocation.
 Lack of motivation also affects employee health