Particulate Technology Lab

CHE-346

Engr. Muhammad Arslan Haider

 Overview
Particle technology is the "science and technology
related to the handling and processing of particles and
powders.“
 This applies to the production, handling, modification,
and use of a wide variety of particulate materials, both
wet or dry, in sizes ranging from nanometers to
centimeters.
 Its scope spans a range of industries to include
chemical, petrochemical, agricultural, food,
pharmaceuticals, mineral processing, civil engineering,
advanced materials, energy, and the environment.
 Domains
The behavior of solids in bulk, including soil
mechanics, bulk material handling, silos, conveying,
powder metallurgy, nanotechnology.
Size reduction including crushing and grinding.
Increasing size by flocculation, granulation, powder
compaction, tableting, crystallization.
Particle separation, such as sieving, tabling, flotation,
magnetic separation, and/or electrostatic precipitation.
Fluidization, Centrifugal separation & Liquid filtration.
Analytical procedures such as particle size analysis.
 Particle characterization
Particles are characterized by their individual size and
shape, and by the distribution of these properties in
bulk quantities.
The space between particles in bulk means that the
bulk density is less than the density of individual
particles.
The way in which they move over each other, or lock
together determines stability or flowability, which is
tested by the triaxial shear test.
Grading Criteria
Domains Wait age %
QUIZ 10

ASSIGNMENT 05

MID VIVA 30

OPEN ENDED LAB 10

COPY 15

FINAL VIVA 30
Rules of lab
No retake of Assignment and quiz
75% attendance is mandatory
Copy should be completed in the Lab
No entry in lab without lab coat and close shoes
No compromise on Safety and Discipline
General Laboratory Safety

Summary of the Main Factors

Why does it matter?
Safe working protects:
You
Other lab workers
Cleaners
Visitors
Your work
What does the law say? (1)
 Health Safety at Work etc Act
1974
 You must work safely
 You must not endanger others
 You must not misuse safety
equipment

 Penalty – up to 2 year in prison

&/or an unlimited fine
What does the law say? (2)
The Management of
Health and Safety at
Work Regs 1999
Control of Substances
Hazardous to Health
Regs 2004
You must perform RISK
ASSESSMENTS
 How to do a Risk Assessment?

 Determine hazards and evaluate risks

 Use all relevant available data
 Determine controls needed to
minimise those risks
 Document the assessment
 Agree it with your supervisor
 Use those control measures

You will receive specific training on how to do this

in your department
Control Measures (in order of preference)

1. Use a less risky

substance
2. Use a safer form of that
substance (eg solution
instead of powder)
Control Measures (in order of preference)
3. Totally enclose the
process (eg a glove-box)
4. Partially enclose the
process (eg with a fume
cupboard)
5. Ensure good general
ventilation
Control Measures (in order of preference)
6. Safe systems of work
7. Reduce exposure times,
increase distance, reduce
volumes
8. Personal protective
equipment (as a last resort
for primary protection)
Protecting yourself
 Wear the clothing and
protective wear identified in
your risk assessment
 Laboratory coats must be
kept fastened
 Don’t wear sandals or open
shoes
 Long hair must be tied back
Protecting yourself - gloves
 There are many different types of
protective glove
 Use the correct ones for the job
you will be doing
 Remember that you need to select
chemical protection gloves
according to the materials and/or
substances with which you will be
working
 Remove your gloves before using
instruments, telephone, and
leaving the laboratory
Laboratory hygiene
 Never eat, drink or smoke in
a laboratory
 Never apply cosmetics
 Never touch your face,
mouth or eyes
 Never suck pens or chew
pencils
 Always wash your hands
before you leave and
especially before eating
What are the general hazards in a
laboratory?
 Fire
 Breakage of glassware
 Sharps
 Spillages
 Pressure equipment & gas
cylinders
 Extremes of heat & cold
 Chemical hazards
 Biological hazards
 Radiation

And many more!

Avoiding Fires
Flammable substances
Use minimum quantity
Store in special storage
cabinet
Use temperature-controlled
heating sources
(eg water-bath rather than hot-
plate or Bunsen burner)
Minimise fire damage

Make sure corridor fire

doors and laboratory
doors are kept shut at all
times
Fire Safety
 Make sure that you know
what to do:
 If you have a fire
 If you hear a fire alarm

 If you are a member of staff

you must attend fire training
annually. Post graduates
should also seriously
consider doing so.
Spillages
 Clear up spillage promptly
 You will already have
determined how to do this as
part of your risk assessment
 Dispose of any hazardous
material as toxic waste
Messy workers are usually poor
workers!!
Gas cylinders
 Never use without formal training
 Minimise the number in a laboratory
 Store externally whenever possible
 Cylinders are heavy and can do serious
damage to you if they fall
 Ensure that they are chained when in use
 Move only with a cylinder trolley
 Use regulators & control equipment suitable
for the gas concerned
 Consider the consequences if your cylinder
leaks
Electrical Equipment
 Always do a visual check on
electrical equipment before
use, looking for obvious
wear or defects
 All portable electrical
equipment must have a
current “PAT test” sticker
 NEVER use defective
equipment
General Tidiness
 Keep your workplace tidy
 Clear up waste, deal with
washing up and put things
away as you finish with

X
them
 Make sure everything is safe
before you leave things
unattended
 A tidy laboratory avoids
accidents to everyone
Laboratory Equipment
Never use any
laboratory equipment
unless you are trained &
have been authorised to
do so
As well as injuring
yourself you may cause
very costly damage
First Aid
 All laboratory workers should
undergo simple first aid training
 For ALL chemical splashes, wash
with plenty of water for 10 minutes
 Control bleeding with direct
pressure, avoiding any foreign
bodies such as glass

 Report all accidents to your

supervisor or departmental
safety officer
When in doubt – ASK!!!
Do not carry out a new
or unfamiliar procedure
until you have been fully
trained & understand the
precautions necessary
for safe working
DO NOT GUESS!!!!
 Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)
Lab coats and aprons
Protective headgear - safety helmets, wide brimmed hats
to protect against the sun.
Safety boots or shoes.
Safety glasses or goggles.
Gloves.
Respirators and masks.
Earmuffs and earpieces.
Know the safety equipment
Eye wash fountain

Safety shower

Fire extinguisher

Emergency exits
Know how to use the safety equipment
Eye wash Fountain

Safety Shower

Fire extinguisher

Emergency Exit
SOP For COVID-19
Wear face mask and hand gloves during your lab
timings.
Avoid Hand-shakes and Hugs
Maintain at-least 6ft distance with your fellow
You can use hand sanitizer if you are in provision.
You must wear safety goggles when required
Wear proper lab coat and closed shoes.
 Program Learning Outcomes(PLOs)
Sr# Statement
1 Engineering Knowledge
2 Problem Analysis
3 Modern Tool Usage
4 The Engineer and Society
5 Environment and Sustainability
6 Ethics
7 Design/Development of Solutions
8 Individual and Teamwork
9 Investigation
10 Communication
11 Project Management
12 Lifelong Learning
 Laboratory CLOs
Learning level
No. CLO PLO
Follows instructions by the
3 PLO 5 P-3
teacher to realize experiment
Demonstrate an eagerness to
4 work in a team during the lab PLO 9 A-3
activities
Complies lab instructions to
5 ensure safe environment in the PLO 7 A-2
lab
Analyse experimental results in
the view of theoretical
6 PLO 1 C-4
understanding developed during
the class
 Conduct of Lab Rubrics
Exceeds expectation
Performance
(5-4)
Realization and conduct Selects relevant equipment to the
experiment, develops set up
of experiment
diagrams of equipment
connections or wiring. Does
proper calibration of equipment,
carefully examines equipment
moving parts, and ensures smooth
operation and process.
Teamwork Actively engages and cooperates
with other group members in an
effective manner.
Laboratory Safety Rules Respectfully and carefully
observes safety rules and
procedures
Data collection and Plans data collection to achieve
experimental objectives, and
analysis
conducts an orderly and a
complete data collection.
Accurately conducts simple
computations and statistical
analysis using collected data;
correlates experimental results to
known theoretical values;
accounts for measurement errors
and parameters that affect
experimental results.
Meets expectation
(3-2)
Needs guidance to select relevant
equipment to the experiment and to
develop equipment connection or wiring
diagrams. Calibrates equipment,
examines equipment moving parts, and
operates the equipment with minor error.
Cooperates with other group members in
a reasonable manner.
Observes safety rules and procedures
with minor deviation.
Plans data collection to achieve
experimental objectives, and collects
complete data with minor errors.
Conducts simple computations and
statistical analysis using collected data
with minor errors; reasonably correlates
experimental results to known theoretical
values; attempts to account for
measurement errors and parameters that
affect experimental results
Does not meet expectation
1
Incapable of selecting relevant
equipment to conduct the experiment,
equipment connection or wiring
diagrams are unrecognizable. Unable to
calibrate appropriate equipment and
equipment operation is substantially
wrong.
Distracts or discourages other group
members from conducting the
experiment.
Disregards safety rules and procedures.
Does not know how to plan data
collection to achieve experimental goals;
data collected is in complete and contain
errors. Unable to conduct simple
statistical analysis on collected data; no
attempt to correlate experimental results
with known theoretical values; incapable
of explaining measurement errors or
parameters that affect the experimental
results.
How to write the lab report
1. Title: Experiment title

2. Apparatus and Raw materials used:

3. Theory: Briefly state how the objectives of the experiment will be achieve and

provide the relevant background information

4. Equipment details: Working of equipment and explain each component with

its operation.

5. Diagram: Draw the schematic diagram of the respective equipment.

6. Risk Assessment: Make a risk assessment chart for each equipment.

Cont…
7. Graph: Plot recorded values on a graph paper where required. Observation
and calculations on blank page.

8. Procedure: Refer to the experimental manual

9. Results: While doing or immediately after your experiments, record your

results in this section of the report.

10. Discussion & Conclusion: As soon as possible, discuss your results in the
light of the objectives and make appropriate conclusions. Remember to discuss
source of potential errors and losses.
 Lab Notebook Rubric Does not meet
Exceeds expectation Meets expectation
expectation
(5-4) (3-2) 1

The experiments are written Experiments are

The experiments are
completely, and results are properly missing and the
Completion written completely, and
interpreted. Graphs, tables and results are
results interpreted.
suggestions are mentioned. incomplete.

All experiments are not

written properly in a
Organization/Presentation of All experiments are written in a standard format (non-
Random arrangement
Contents standard format. Graphs, tables are uniform reference style,
of the contents.
captioned properly and attached. improper content
sequence, figure captions
missing)

All experiments are concluded with

Comments / Suggestions
Objective of
correct interpretation of results and At least all experiments
performing
any discrepancy in procedure or are concluded with correct
experiment is not
equipment is pointed out and interpretation of results
clear
correction proposed

Copy is submitted after Copy submitted at the

Timely Response Copy is submitted within time.
due date. end of semester.
 Viva Rubric
Exceeds expectation
(5-4)
Student spoke clearly and at a
good pace to ensure audience
comprehension. Language
was used effectively, and
Oral Presentation delivery was fluent,
expressive and commands
audience attention.
Student demonstrates deep
content knowledge and
understanding, can easily and
completely answer questions
Knowledge of Content
posed by audience.
Operates equipment
Psychomotor domain properly & precisely collect
the data.
Does not meet
Meets expectation
expectation
(3-2) 1
Student spoke clearly. Student was not clear at all.
Language was generally clear Language was not
but does not maintain eye appropriate
contact with the audience.
Student demonstrates Student demonstrates a
knowledge of some of the lack of content knowledge.
content but may not be able Student cannot answer
to answer all of the questions simple questions posed by
posed by the audience. the audience/teacher.
Operates equipment but Just stand on the
cannot properly collect the workstation but don’t know
data. how to operate and take the
readings.
Week 1 Introduction to Particulate Technology Lab and safety discussion.

Week 2 Exp 01

Week 3 Exp 02

Week 4 Exp 03

Week 5 Exp 04

Week 6 Assignment + Exp 05

Week 7 Exp 06

Week 8 Exp 07
Week 9 Mid Viva

Week 10 Exp 08

Week 11 Exp 09

Week 12 Exp 10

Week 13 Quiz + Exp 11

Week 14 Exp 12

Week 15 Exp 13

Open Ended Lab

Week 16

Final Viva
Week 17
 List of Equipment
SR# NAME OF EQUIPMENT STATUS
1 Jaw Crusher (JC) Functional

2 Ball Mill (BM) Functional

3 Magnetic Separator (MS) Functional
4 Agitated Tank Crystallizer (ATC) Functional
5 Sieve Shaker (SS) Functional

6 Dead End Filtration Cell (DEF) Functional

7 Plate and Frame Filter Press Assembly Functional

(PFFP)
 Equipment Wise List of Experiments
Sr# Name of Name of related experiment
Equipment
1 Jaw Crusher  Find the abrasion value of crushed particles.
(JC)  To Find out the abrasion value of copper ore.
 Determine average diameters of crushed particles using jaw
crusher and sieve shaker.
2 Ball Mill (BM)  To check the effect of RPM on particle size of sample using ball
mill.
 To check the effect of grinding medium size on particle size of
sample using ball mill.

 To find critical speed of ball mill.

Magnetic  To find the percentage of magnetic separation and efficiency
3 Separator of given sample for magnetic separator
(MS)  To check the effect of RPM on efficiency of magnetic separator
 To check the effect of Feed Rate and Composition on efficiency
of magnetic separator
5 Sieve Shaker (SS)  Determine average diameters of crushed particles
using jaw crusher and sieve shaker.
 Find the abrasion value of crushed particles.
 To Find out the abrasion value of copper ore.
 To check the effect of grinding medium size on
particle size of sample using ball mill.
 To check the effect of RPM on particle size of sample
using ball mill.
6 Dead End Filtration  To Observe the Dead End Filtration Phenomenon
Cell (DEF) using water sample.
 To determine the permeate flowrate using distilled
water as sample
 To determine the average flux using various solutions
as sample.
7 Plate and Frame Filter  To observe the phenomenon of plate and frame filter
Press Assembly (PFFP) press assembly
 To separate slurry type solution of calcium carbonate.
 To separate solid particles from solution and observe
the caking phenomenon.
Jaw Crusher
Ball Mill
Sieve Shaker
Magnetic Separator
Agitated Tank Crystallizer
Plate & Frame Filter Press Assembly
Centrifuge Unit
Dead End Filtration Cell