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    Σοφία Πέππα
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    The document summarizes information about an ancient Roman bath complex called the Balneum at Brexiza located in Attica, Greece. It was built in 160 BCE by Herodes Atticus. The baths featured 18 rooms arranged symmetrically around a central room, with heating provided by hypocausts. The walls were constructed using opus mixtum technique and hollow tiles were used to regulate temperature. Over time the site has experienced damage from environmental exposure, flooding of the hypocausts, cracking and detached coatings and revestments. Rising sea levels and climate change are projected to exacerbate threats like flooding, erosion and accelerated deterioration at the site.

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    Short description of the Roman Balneum in Brexiza

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    BALNEUM AT BREXIZA final

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    The document summarizes information about an ancient Roman bath complex called the Balneum at Brexiza located in Attica, Greece. It was built in 160 BCE by Herodes Atticus. The baths featured 18 rooms arranged symmetrically around a central room, with heating provided by hypocausts. The walls were constructed using opus mixtum technique and hollow tiles were used to regulate temperature. Over time the site has experienced damage from environmental exposure, flooding of the hypocausts, cracking and detached coatings and revestments. Rising sea levels and climate change are projected to exacerbate threats like flooding, erosion and accelerated deterioration at the site.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    11 views14 pages

    BALNEUM AT BREXIZA Final

    Uploaded by

    Σοφία Πέππα
    The document summarizes information about an ancient Roman bath complex called the Balneum at Brexiza located in Attica, Greece. It was built in 160 BCE by Herodes Atticus. The baths featured 18 rooms arranged symmetrically around a central room, with heating provided by hypocausts. The walls were constructed using opus mixtum technique and hollow tiles were used to regulate temperature. Over time the site has experienced damage from environmental exposure, flooding of the hypocausts, cracking and detached coatings and revestments. Rising sea levels and climate change are projected to exacerbate threats like flooding, erosion and accelerated deterioration at the site.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 14

    BALNEUM AT BREXIZA

    Sofia Peppa
    THE SANCTUARY
    LOCATION & OF EGYPTIAN GODS

    HISTORY
    • Little Marsch (Mikro
    Elos) Of Brexiza
    • Located in the NE of
    Attica in Marathon.
    • Built in 160 BEC by
    Herodes Atticus

    BALNEUM
    GEOLOGICAL DATA
    Limestone-marble karst area.

    Sand, silt, clay mainly.

    The archaeological site is positioned


    entirely on the coastal sandy barrier.

    1.25 meters of sand added to establish


    watertight and stable conditions.
    DESCRIPTION

    • 18 rooms.
    • 3 distinct sections.
    • Symmetry of bath facilities
    around oval Core Room I.
    MATERIALS &
    CONSTRUCTION
    • Heating system with hypocausts.

    5
    MATERIALS &
    CONSTRUCTION
    • Heating system with hypocausts.
    • Opus mixtum walls.

    6
    MATERIALS &
    CONSTRUCTION
    • Heating system with hypocausts.
    • Opus mixtum walls.
    • Hollow walls in heated rooms to
    preserve temperature and avoid
    moisture with special ceramic tiles
    (tegulae mammatae).
    7
    MATERIALS &
    CONSTRUCTION
    • Heating system with hypocausts.
    • Opus mixtum walls.
    • Hollow walls in heated rooms to
    preserve temperature and avoid
    moisture with special ceramic tiles
    (tegulae mammatae).
    8

    • Roofs are not preserved but might


    have been arches, rib vaults, or
    crossed domes.
    • Tubi fittili for the roofing were
    found.
    MATERIALS &
    CONSTRUCTION
    • Heating system with hypocausts.
    • Opus mixtum walls.
    • Hollow walls in heated rooms to
    preserve temperature and avoid
    moisture with special ceramic tiles
    (tegulae mammatae).
    9

    • Roofs are not preserved but might


    have been arches, rib vaults, or
    crossed domes.
    • Tubi fittili for the roofing were
    found.
    • Load path is central nucleum
    system.
    PRESERVATION
    STATUS
    • Exposed to
    environmental
    conditions since the
    1974

    • Continuous
    submergence in swamp
    waters of the
    hypocausts

    • Praefurnia a and b
    flooded.
    P R E S E RVAT I O N S TAT U S

    • SEMI-COLLAPSED • C OL L APSE D FL OORS,


    DE TAC HE D C OAT I NGS AND
    BRICK ARCHES.
    MARB L E RE VE RT ME NT S.

    • CRACKS DUE TO • E FFL OR E SC E NC E .


    SOIL SETTLEMENT.
    • B I ODE T E R IORAT I ON WITH
    VI SI BL E DI SC OL OUR AT I ONS
    • ABSENCE OF
    DIAFRAGMATIC • R OOT SYST E MS
    ACTION.
    C L I M AT E C H A N G E
    EFFECTS
    RCP 8.5:
    • 5°C and specific humidity rise.
    • Hot Days, Tropical Nights DOUBLE.

    12

    THERMAL STRESS

    SOIL EROSION

    FIRE RISK

    ACCELERATED DETERIORATION
    SEA LEVEL RISE
    MIN RISE 0,32m RCP 2.6

    MAX RISE 0.62m RCP 8.5

    FLOODING AND SUBMERGENCE


    13

    COAST EROSION

    SALT DAMAGE
    BALNEUM AT BREXIZA
    Thank you!

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