Two-phase commit protocol Three-phase commit protocol

 Three-Phase Commit (3PC) Protocol is an  This new coordinator checks status of the protocol
extension of the Two-Phase Commit (2PC) from the remaining sites. If the coordinator had
Protocol that avoids blocking problem under decided to commit, at least one of other ‘k’ sites that
certain assumptions. it informed will be up and will ensure that commit
 In particular, it is assumed that no network decision is respected.
partition occurs, and not more than k sites fail,  The new coordinator restarts third phase of protocol if
where we assume ‘k’ is predetermined any of rest sites knew that old coordinator intended to
number. commit transaction. Otherwise, new coordinator
 With the mentioned assumptions, protocol aborts the transaction.
avoids blocking by introducing an extra third
phase where multiple sites are involved in the
decision to commit.
 Instead of directly noting the commit decision
in its persistent storage, the coordinator first
ensures that at least ‘k’ other sites know that
it intended to commit transaction.
 In a situation where coordinator fails,
remaining sites are bound to first select new
coordinator.
Types of Blockchain:
 Public Blockchain
 Private Blockchain
 Consortium Blockchain
 Hybrid Blockchain
Public Blockchain or Permissionless Blockchain
Public blockchains are decentralized and open to
anyone to participate. They rely on a network of
nodes to verify and validate transactions, which
are recorded on the blockchain anonymously and
transparently. Ethereum, Bitcoin, and Ripple are
some of the popular public blockchains.

Advantages of Public Blockchains

Public blockchains offer high security, immutability,
transparency, and decentralized control, reducing the
risk of fraud and corruption.

Example of Public Blockchain • Ethereum is ideal for building smart contracts

and decentralized apps (dApps).
• Bitcoin is primarily used for peer-to-peer (P2P)
transactions and as a store of value.
• Ripple is a blockchain designed for interbank
transactions.
Private Blockchain or Permissioned Blockchain
Private blockchains are centralized and permissioned,
limiting participation to authorized users. Transactions are
validated by a select few, and transactions are recorded on
the blockchain privately, keeping it hidden from public
access. Private blockchains are typically used for
enterprise solutions.

Advantages of Private Blockchains

Private blockchains offer high scalability, low cost, and
enhanced privacy and security. They are ideal for use
cases where transactions need to be kept confidential or
restricted to a specific set of users.
Hyperledger by IBM is a popular private blockchain
Example of Private Blockchain platform used by various industries, including finance,
supply chain, and healthcare. R3 Corda, and Quorum by JP
Morgan Chase are other popular private blockchain
platforms used by businesses and financial institutions.
Hybrid Blockchain
Hybrid Blockchains combine the best of public and
private blockchains to address the challenges that
both offer. They leverage public blockchains to
offer transparency and decentralization and
private blockchains for scalability and
performance.

Advantages of Hybrid Blockchain

Hybrid Blockchains offer the benefit of privacy, security,
scalability, and transparent decentralized control.

Example of Hybrid Blockchain Aragon, Dragonchain, and Quarkchain are some

of the popular hybrid blockchain platforms
available today.