Op-amp symbols and packages.

Thomas L. Floyd
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e All rights reserved.
Basic op-amp representations.

Differential Inputs Common mode Inputs

Thomas L. Floyd
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e All rights reserved.
Noninverting amplifier.

Thomas L. Floyd
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e All rights reserved.
Op-amp voltage-follower.

Thomas L. Floyd
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e All rights reserved.
Inverting amplifier.

Thomas L. Floyd
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e All rights reserved.
Input offset voltage compensation for a 741 op-amp.

Thomas L. Floyd
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e All rights reserved.
FIGURE

Thomas L. Floyd
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e All rights reserved.
The op-amp as a zero-level detector.

Thomas L. Floyd
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e All rights reserved.
Nonzero-level detectors.

Thomas L. Floyd
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e All rights reserved.
An over-temperature sensing circuit.

Thomas L. Floyd
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e All rights reserved.
A simultaneous (flash) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) using op-amps as comparators.

Thomas L. Floyd
Copyright ©2002 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Electronic Devices, 6e and Electronic
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Devices: Electron Flow Version, 4e All rights reserved.
 
• An instrumentation amplifier is a
differential voltage-gain device that
amplifies the difference between the voltages
existing at its two input terminals.
• The instrumentation amplifier is normally
used to measure small differential signal
voltages that are superimposed on a
common-mode voltage often much larger
than the signal voltage.
• The main purpose of an instrumentation
amplifier is to amplify small signals that
may be riding on large common-mode
voltages
• The key characteristics are
 high input impedance,
 high common-mode rejection,
 low output offset,
 and low output impedance.
 Summary formulas

The total gain is ;

To change gain use this equation

ECG inst. amplifier
 Low Pass Filter
< 100Hz
< 0.2 V
Gain = 40

Gain = 32

High Pass Filter

Maximize CMRR >0.05Hz