IMPACT OF TERRACE

GARDEN ON ENERGY
EFFICIENCY
Submitted by: Faraz Alam
 LITERATURE REVIEW-1
• Topic - The impact of greening systems on building energy performance: A literature review
• Author – Babak Raji , Martin J. Tenpierik, Andy van den Dobbelsteen.
• Region – Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment.
• Data source – Primary and secondary.
• Methodology – Descriptive and graphical.
• Inference – This paper presents literature concerning the application of greenery systems on our built environment,
with a focus on energy related topics. The literature review looks at a time frame from 1977 through late 2013 and
encompasses five greenery concepts including the green roof (GR), green wall (GW), green balcony (GB), sky garden
(SG) and indoor sky garden (ISG). Each section includes an overview on the history, definitions and different categories
of that greenery concept followed by its potential benefits for a building. After a brief introduction, the thermal impact
of each concept, besides its impact on building’s energy consumptiom is studied.
• Conclusion – Dense urban areas has been the source of environmental issues like urban heat island, depletion of
resources and air and water pollutions. Therefore, designers and planners should take sustainability in the development
of buildings into account. It means that in the future designs of our built environment should be climate-adaptive and
rely on renewable and recyclable resources . To adapt our built environment to the natural environment, Yeang
suggests that “our constructions must imitate ecosystems in all aspects”
 LITERATURE REVIEW - 2
• Topic – Assessment of Terrace Gardens as Modifiers of Building Microclimate
• Author – Chitra Chidambaram , Pranjali Varshney, Sakshi Kumar, Surabhi S. Nath
• Region – Sharda University, India
• Data source – Primary and secondary.
• Methodology – Analytic and graphical.
• Inference – With rampant urbanization, permeable and soft grounds with vegetation are being replaced by
impervious hard concrete surfaces that cause heat islands and floods, adversely impacting the quality of urban
living. Terrace garden, reducing heat gain from the roofs and promoting greening at higher levels of built
structures is seen as one of the key mitigating strategies for modifying building microclimate and improving urban
health. We have undertaken a research project to quantitatively assess the value of a terrace garden to a building
microclimate and explore its potential for organic farming
• Conclusion – Terrace gardens reduce heat island effect by replacing heat absorbing surfaces with plants and
shrubs that shade the roof from solar radiation, cool the air through evapotranspiration and also provide
insulating effects to the building. The study focuses on assessment of terrace garden as modifier of building
microclimate based on the analysis of surface temperatures on the roof and below at the ceiling in the presence
and absence of the terrace garden.
LITERATURE REVIEW - 3
Topic –Rooftop farming: An alternative to conventional farming for urban sustainability.
Author – Jha Ritesh Kumar, Bhattarai Natasha, KC Suraj, Shrestha Arjun Kumar and Kadariya Manahar
• Region – Faculty of Agriculture, Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan ,Nepal.
• Data source – Primary and secondary.
• Methodology – Analytic
• Inference – The objective of this research is to inspect the existing practice and obstacles in rooftop farming
that is faced by practitioners. Nagdhungha and Birauta are the areas of research here. Two practitioners are
interviewed and sixty nonpractitioners are surveyed. The result shows that rooftop farming can benefit the
environment by greatly reducing carbon in the atmosphere and can assist urban areas by reducing
stormwater management cost.
• Conclusion - This study concludes that green roofs can be a potential way to meet the growing demand of
fresh food and also make a major improvement in the quality life of urban people by contributing to the
various environmental benefits such as purifying the air by acting as a reservoir of carbon dioxide and place
for stormwater management
 LITERATURE REVIEW - 4
• Topic –A Review of Green Roof: Definition, History,Evolution and Functions
• Author – F Abass , L H Ismail , I A Wahab and A A Elgadi .
• Region – Department of Architecture, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University Tun Hussein Onn
Malaysia, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
• Data source – Primary and secondary.
• Methodology – Descriptive and graphical.
• Inference –Urban cities, buildings contribute large unused panels, especially on their wall and roofs. These external
surfaces generally made from materials that listed as a reflector to the heat such as concrete, glass, and bricks.
Covering the external surfaces with green vegetation could be a solution to many environmental, economic and social
problems, especially in the urban areas.
• Conclusion – In this paper, it was shown that greening the roof for improving life and social activities in cities are not
merely a scientific vision of the 20th century. The concept of the implementation of dry or living plants and grass on
building roof and walls appeared in different climates as a construction element, or as a mitigation technique to lower
the high temperature in a hot climate or to insulate building envelopes from cold weather
 LITERATURE REVIEW - 5
Topic –Benefits of A Modular Green Roof Technology
Author – Elena Korola, Natalia Shushunovaa.
• Region – Institute of Environmental Engineering and Construction Mechanization, National Research
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering , Moscow, Russian Federation
• Data source – Primary and secondary.
• Methodology – Analytic and graphical.
• Inference – This article aims to the various benefits of a modular green roof technology. Nowadays smart
solutions of green roofs are popular for their ecological, technical, economic benefits and esthetic qualities.
Green roofs are used in residential, commercial, government and public buildings. Innovative energy-efficient
construction technologies will bring great benefit to the ecology and help to relief the heat island effect.
• Conclusion – This article discusses the modern effective apparatus and method for green roof system. The
aim of this article is to analyze green roof structures, researching of modular green roof systems and adjusting
of optimal physical parameters of green roof modules. Modular green roof technology is an attractive and
energy-saving alternative to a conventional green roof structures.
 LITERATURE REVIEW – 6
• Topic – SMART TERRACE GARDENING WITH INTELLIGENT ROOF CONTROL ALGORITHM FOR WATER CONSERVATION
• Author –V. Pandiyaraju, P. Shunmuga Perumal, A. Kannan and L. Sai Ramesh.
• Region – Department of Information Science and Technology, Anna University, Chennai, India
• Data source – Primary and secondary.
• Methodology – Analytic and graphical.
• Inference – One can easily build the terrace garden with reasonably priced materials like metal and plastic drums,
plastic sacks, grow bags, plastic and earthen pots, basins, bricks, etc. By nature, most of these building materials have
adequate pores for the aeration and free flow of water during irrigation.
• Conclusion –The proposed research work significantly controls the soil moisture in the soil bed deployed in terrace
gardening using the smart roof technology. Depending on the current condition of the atmospheric temperature and
humidity, the proposed system automatically adjusts the position of the smart roof and controls the soil moisture in
the soil bed
LITERATURE REVIEW - 7
Topic – A TERRACE GARDEN FROM BIODEGRADABLE WASTE
Author –M.V. Kishore And M.S. Patil
• Region – Department of Botany & plant Protection,Sadguru Gadade Maharaj College, Karad.
• Data source – Primary and secondary.
• Methodology – Analytic and graphical.
• Inference – Due to urbanization and exploration of population there is scarcity of space for gardening. To
overcome this, terrace gardening by using vermicomposting of biodegradable waste is the best solution.
Biodegradable waste includes such as waste from gardens as well as kitchen waste. The focus of this paper is
on organic waste from garden waste and kitchen waste, because the quantity of this type of waste has
gradually increased in recent years.
• Conclusion –By developing such type of terrace garden one should contribute a bit to solution of difficulties
created by global warming and to the easy stay of global environmental natural balance. Also
vermicomposting provides better usage of organic wastes. It is economically viable for organic food
production. It is easily adoptable low cost technology.
 LITERATURE REVIEW - 8
Topic –The outdoor microclimate benefits and energy saving resulting from green roofs retrofits.
Author –Umberto Berardi
• Region – Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Science Ryerson University , Toronto.
• Data source – Primary and secondary.
• Methodology – Analytic and graphical.
• Inference – a building energy model was used to compare the energy saving of several green roof designs.
Results indicate that increasing the leaf area index (LAI) would lead to an increased cooling effect of the air
temperature up to 0.4 ◦C during the day at pedestrian level, while a more significant temperature reduction
would be obtained only at the rooftop level. This confirms the potential of green roofs as urban heat island
mitigation strategy. The adoption of a green roof retrofit resulted in a building energy demand reduction by
3%, and in significantly improved indoor comfort levels in the floor below the green roof
• Conclusion –In this study, the effects of a green roof retrofit on the microclimate and energy consumption of
the main building of the Ryerson University in Toronto were investigated. The cooling effect on the urban
microclimate with green roof retrofits increased with the increase of the LAI. At pedestrian level the cooling
pattern followed the wind prevalent directions, with increased cooling effects for the North and East side of
the building.