Leng, J., Chen, J. M., Li, W., Luo, X., Xu, M., Liu, J., Wang, R.

, Rogers, C., Li, B., and Yan, Y.: Global datasets of hourly carbon and water fluxes simulated using a satellite-based process
model with dynamic parameterizations, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-328, in review, 2023.

- 0,25° spatial resolution (about 27-km x 27-km)

- Hourly estimation global GPP and ET
- 2001 – 2020
- Terrestrial Biosphere Model – Biosphere-atmosphere Exchange
Process Simulator (BEPS) “…adopts hourly meteorological variables
(i.e., incoming shortwave radiation, air temperature, vapor pressure
deficit, precipitation, and wind speed) to model hourly carbon and water
fluxes. ”

- Global meteo data ERA-5 (hourly)

- GLOBMAP LAI, leaf chlorophyl content (LCC), etc…
- FLUXNET (meteo records)  BEPS model  monthly m and
V25cmax (optimization C-W fluxes)  RF (plant properties,
environmental conditions, optimisation)  hourly GPP and ET
ESSD - Upscaled diurnal cycles of land–atmosphere fluxes: a new global half-hourly data product (copernicus.org)

- Random Forest (FLUXNET and environmental data)

- GPP
- LE
- NEE
-H
- 2001-2014
- 0.5°

ET = Le (W m-2) / l*
For example:

a total LE of 500 W m-2 h-1 = 1 800 000 J m-2 of energy (1W = 1J s-1) 
1 800 000 J m-2 /2257 J g-1) = 798 g m-2 = 0.798 mm (1 kg H20 m-2 = 1 mm).

*[latent heat of evaporation] (i.e. the amount of energy required to evaporate 1g or 1ml of water) which is 2257 J g -1 .

evaporation - FLUXNET15 - how to convert latent heat flux to actual evapotranspiration? - Earth Science Stack Exchange

R: Conversion between Latent Heat Flux and Evapotranspiration (r-project.org)

 MTG data | EUMETSAT
Evapotranspiration and turbulent fluxes (ipma.pt)

EGU2020-18108_presentation.pdf (copernicus.org)
Emerging satellite observations for diurnal cycling of ecosystem processes | Nature
Plants
LP DAAC - Search (usgs.gov) – ET ECOSTRESS L3_ET_PT_JPL /
L3_ET_ALEXI:
- 70-km x 70-km at 52° N-S (ISS)
- Temporal resolution vary according to ISS  sample different hour of
the day in different days, thus “Despite the diurnal sampling capability,
ECOSTRESS and OCO-3 provide only one or few (or no) observations for
each location during a given day; therefore, capturing a large portion of
the diurnal cycle will require ISS overpasses over a relatively long period
(for example, weeks). Over such a period of time, the variations in
instantaneous LST, ET or SIF are caused by not only diurnal variations in
meteorological conditions and water/heat stress but also the day-to-day
variations in these factors, vegetation structure (or leaf area index)
and/or phenology, which can complicate diurnal cycle analyses to a
certain extent.”
ECOSTRESS: NASA's Next Generation Mission to Measure Evapotranspiration From the International Space Stat
ion - Fisher - 2020 - Water Resources Research - Wiley Online Library

Orbiting Carbon Observatory-3: Home (nasa.gov) – SIF

- 2 km spatial resolution at 52° N-S (ISS)
- “OCO-3 passes over any given location (at nadir) ~20-min earlier each
time, eventually sampling all sunlit hours.”

OCO-3, in combination with ECOSTRESS, provides cutting-edge insight

into ecosystem processes of SIF and ET and ultimately can be combined
as WUE, with high-resolution sampling throughout the day.
Large diurnal compensatory effects mitigate the response of Amazonian forests to atmospheric warming and drying | Scie
nce Advances

- SIF OCO-3
- ECOSTRESS ET
- “The available OCO-3 SIF and ECOSTRESS ET data were
sparse in time and space… Discrete sampling of SIF and ET
might produce biased diurnal patterns and spatial
distributions after simple aggregation…“

- Instantaneous OCO-3 SIF and ECOSTRESS ET averaged into

0.1° × 0.1° grids by:

(SIF_grid; ET_grid) = RF(FPAR, T, VDP, SM)

EXAMPLE PAPER ?
Konings, A.G. and Gentine, P. (2017), Global variations in ecosystem-scale isohydricity. Glob Change Biol, 23: 891-905. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13389

- VOP  VWC  yL

- Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-E (AMSR-E) (1:30AM and 1:30PM)  Land Parameter Retrieval
Model  VODmidday vs VODmidnight

- 2003 - 2010
Requires a steady-state
environmental conditions (e.g. VPD)

Requires a complete xylem refill at

1:30 AM

“This empirically based

linearization may add some
error to the estimated values of
ecosystem-scale isohydricity…”

d determines the ISO (~0) or ANISO (≥1)

 City-wide, high-resolution mapping of evapotranspiration to guide climate-resilient planning - ScienceDirect

- Hourly ET at 10 m resolution for an entire city for one year.

- Open RS data, machine learning and footprint modeling.
- Mapping with open-access data (Sentinel-2, geodata, meteorological
data).
- Two eddy flux towers with contrasting surrounding land cover
provided the training and testing data.

HESS - Modelling hourly evapotranspiration in urban environments with SCO

PE using open remote sensing and meteorological data (copernicus.org)
– Soil canopy observation of photosynthesis and energy fluxes (SCOPE)