Industrial Installations – ET 42043

Small Power Generation Presentation 03

D. K. Ashan Induranga
B.Sc. (Hons.) Engineering
M.Phil. (Reading)
Content

• Generators

• Solar PV Systems
Generators
Selecting the Proper Generator

• Total wattage of the building

• Size of the generator

• Type of the generator

• Noise level of the generator

• Fuel type of the generator

• Location of the generator

Stand by Generator

• Generator Capacity based on the

running & the starting wattage of the

electrical equipment
Generator Types

❖ Standby Generators

❖ Portable Generators

❖ Inverter Generators
 Generators – Diesel Generator Diagram

Working Principle of Diesel Generator + Diagram | Linquip

1. Stand-by Generators (Mostly Industrial
Generators)

⮚ Automatically power the building when there is an emergency.

⮚ Connected to the electrical system through an ATS (Automatic

Transfer Switch) or a MTS (Manuals Transfer Switch)

Wiring an ATS & MTS
2. Portable Generators

Working Procedure

1. Keep the generator outside the house

2. Turn off the main breaker of the house

3. Turn off/ Unplug electric items

4. Check the oil and fuel levels of the generator

5. Plug the generator into a suitable outlet

6. Start the generator and wait until the full speed of the generator
3. Inverter Generators

⮚ It also has the engine and the alternator as the portable generator like the

other generators.

⮚ It generates AC power, and the rectifier inside the generator creates DC

power. Then, it again converts into AC power with the inverter circuit.

⮚ It generates power according to the demand and varies the RPM of the

engine.
3. Inverter Generators

⮚ The inverter generator is very quiet compared to the traditional generators

https://youtu.be/_sfk-Cc7i7E
Solar PV Systems
Major Components

Inverter

Solar
PV Solar PV Charge
Module System Controller

Battery
(Optional)
Solar I-V Curve
Monocrystalline vs Polycrystalline PV Panels
 Different Solar PV Systems

1. On-grid solar PV System 2. Hybrid solar PV System

 Different Solar PV Systems

3. Off-grid solar PV System

PV Panels Connection
PV Panel Orientation

• North Hemisphere – Directed to South

• South Hemisphere – Directed to North

Solar PV Shading
Solar PV Bypass Diode

• By-Pass diode protect

Solar PV Inverters
Solar PV Inverters
Inverter Technology
Solar Charge Controllers
Solar Charge Controllers
Steps of PV System Design

01) Determination of the power consumption.

• Ex: 18 W - Fluorescent Lamp - 8 Nos – 4 hrs. per day

60 W - Fan - 4 Nos – 4 hrs. per day

100 W - Refrigerator - 1 Nos

100 W - Television - 1 Nos – 4 hrs. a day

Steps of PV System Design

01) Determination of the power consumption.

• Ex: Total energy requirement per day = (18 x 8 x 4) + (60 x 4 x 4) +

(100 x 24) + (100 x 1 x 4) = 4336 Wh/day

Total PV energy requirement = 4336 x 1.3 = 5636.8 Wh/day

(Loss correction = 1.3)

Steps of PV System Design

02) Determination of the size of the solar panels

• Ex: Total Wpeak of panel capacity = 5636.8 /3.4 = 1657.9 Wpeak

(PFG – Panel Generation Factor = 3.4 depends on the country)

• No. of 160 W panels needed = 1657.9/160 = 10.36 🡪 11 panels 🡪 12 panels

• 12 = 2 x 6 or 3 x 4
Steps of PV System Design

03) Determination of the size of the inverter

• Total PV panel capacity = 1657.9 W

• Considering the margin of 25% safety,

• The inverter size = 2072.375 W

• Since that, we can use a 2 kW inverter.

Steps of PV System Design
 Steps of PV System Design

05) Determination of the size of the charging controller

PV module specification

Pm = 110 Wp

Vm = 16.7 Vdc

Im = 6.6 A

Voc = 20.7 A

Isc = 7.5 A

Solar Charge Controller Rating = 4 strings x 7.5 A = 30 A

Thank You!