MASS

ANALYZER
INTRODUCTION
TYPE OF MASS
A N A LY Z E R
1.QUDRAPOLE MASS
A N A LY Z E R
2. TIME OF FLIGHT
A N A LY Z E R
3 . I O N T R A P A N A LY Z E R
4 . A P P L I C AT I O N
 • A mass analyzer is the component of the
mass spectrometer that takes ionized
masses and separates them based on

INTRODUCTION
charge to mass ratios and outputs them to
the detector where they are detected and
later converted to a digital output.

• A mass analyzer should have Good

reproducibility and High Resolution
 • There are six general types of mass
analyzers that can be used for the
separation of ions in a mass

TYPE OF spectrometry.

• Quadrupole Mass Analyzer

MASS • Time of Flight Mass Analyzer

ANALYZER
• Magnetic Sector Mass Analyzer

• Electrostatic Sector Mass Analyzer

• Ion Trap Mass AnalyzersIon

• Cyclotron Resonance
 • The quadrupole mass analyzer (QMS),
originally conceived by Nobel Laureate
WOLFGANG PAUL and his student
HELMUT STEINWEDEL

QUDRAPOLE MASS • As the name implies, it consists of four

cylindrical rods, set parallel to each
ANALYZER(Transmission other.
quadrupole mass • Ideally, the rods are hyperbolic, however
spectrometer) cylindrical rods with a specific ratio of
rod diameter can be used

• Responsible for selecting sample ions

based on their mass-to-charge ratio
(m/z).
 • Each opposing rod pair is connected
together electrically, and a radio
frequency (RF)
• Voltage with a DC offset voltage is
applied between one pair of rods and the

PRINCIPLE other.
• Ions travel down the quadrupole between

OF WORKING the rods. Only ions of a certain mass-to-

charge ratio ( 1 to 1000), will reach the
detector for a given ratio of voltages:
other ions have unstable trajectories and
will collide with the rods.
• The allowed ions will reach the detector
and digital results are obtained
 • This is useful is in liquid
chromatography-mass spectrometry or

APPLICATION gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

• Also used In residual gas analyzers, real-

time gas analyzers, plasma diagnostics
and SIMS surface analysis
TIME OF
FLIGHT
ANALYZER
• Time-of-flight mass analyzer (TOFMA)
is a method of mass spectrometry in
which an ion’s mass-to-charge ratio is
determined by a time of flight
measurement.
• Ions are accelerated
• ion having the same kinetic energy as
any other ion that has the same charge
PRINCIPLE OF
WORKING

• The velocity of the ion depends on

the mass-to-charge ratio (heavier ions of
the same charge reach lower speeds,
although ions with higher charge will
also increase in velocity).

• The time that it subsequently takes for

the ion to reach a detector at a known
distance is measured.
APPLICATION

• Photoelectron photoion coincidence

spectroscopy uses soft photoionization
for ion internal energy selection and
TOF mass spectrometry for mass
analysis.Secondary ion mass
spectrometry commonly utilizes TOF
mass spectrometers to allow parallel
detection of different ions with a high
mass resolving power.
 • An ion trap is a combination of electric
or magnetic fields used to capture

ION TRAP charged particles

• Unlike other mass spectrometers that

ANALYZER operate at pressures o10 −6 Torr, the ion

trap operates at 1 mTorr of helium.
 • The 3D trap itself generally consists of
two hyperbolic metal electrodes with
their focuses facing each other

PRINCIPLE • And a hyperbolic ring electrode halfway

between the other two electrodes.

OF WORKING • The ions are trapped in the space

between these three electrodes by AC
(oscillating) and DC (static) electric
fields.
 • Areas of use for ion trap mass
spectrometers include QC, structural
confirmation, screening applications, and

Application protein identification.

• They are widely used in pharmaceutical

discovery and development, clinical
research, food safety, environmental
testing, and proteomics.
REFERENCE AND IMAGE
COURTESY
• De Hoffmann, Edmond; Vincent Stroobant (2003). Mass Spectrometry: Principles and Applications (Second
ed.). Toronto: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. P. 65. ISBN 978-0-471-48566-7.

• 9. Instrumental Analysis by Douglas A. Skoog – F. James Holler – Crouch,Publisher: Cengage; Edition

(2003), ISBN10: 8131505421, ISBN-13: 978-8131505427

• Image by Research gate [https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Scheme-of-quadrupole-mass-analyzer-

Q_fig4_329040300]
• Nishant Mishra

• Roll no. 13