POLLUTION

Presented by Sumra Siddique

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POLLUTION AND ITS TYPES
• Pollution is the introduction of harmful materials into the environment. These harmful
materials are called pollutants.
• Air Pollution
Sometimes, air pollution is visible. A person can see dark smoke pour from the exhaust pipes of
large trucks or factories, for example. More often, however, air pollution is invisible. Polluted air
can be dangerous, even if the pollutants
are invisible. It can make people’s eyes burn and make
them have difficulty breathing. It can also increase the
risk of lung cancer.
Sometimes, air pollution kills quickly. In 1984, an accident
at a pesticide plant in Bhopal, India, released a deadly gas
into the air. At least 8,000 people died within days. Hundreds
of thousands more were permanently injured.
• Water Pollution
Some polluted water looks muddy, smells bad, and has garbage floating in it. Some polluted water
looks clean, but is filled with harmful chemicals you can’t see or smell.

Polluted water is unsafe for drinking and swimming. Some people who drink polluted water are
exposed to hazardous chemicals that may make them sick years later.
Others consume bacteria and other tiny aquatic organisms that cause disease. The United
Nations estimates that 4,000 children die every day from drinking dirty water. Sometimes, polluted
water harms people indirectly.
They get sick because the fish that live in polluted
water are unsafe to eat. They have too man pollutants
in their flesh.
There are some natural sources of water pollution. Oil and
natural gas, for example, can leak into oceans and lakes from
natural underground sources. These sites are called petroleum
seeps. The world’s largest petroleum seep is the Coal Oil Point
Seep, off the coast of the U.S. state of California. The Coal Oil
Point Seep releases so much oil that tar balls wash up on nearby
beaches. Tar balls are small, sticky pieces of pollution that
eventually decompose in the ocean.
• Land Pollution
Many of the same pollutants that foul the water also harm the land. Mining sometimes
leaves the soil contaminated with dangerous chemicals.

Pesticides and fertilizers from agricultural fields are blown by the wind. They can harm
plants, animals, and sometimes people. Some fruits and vegetables absorb the pesticides
that help them grow. When people consume the fruits and vegetables, the pesticides
enter their bodies. Some pesticides can cause cancer and other diseases.

A pesticide called DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) was once commonly used to kill

insects, especially mosquitoes. In many parts of the world, mosquitoes carry a disease
called malaria,
which kills a million people every year.
Swiss chemist Paul Hermann
Muller was awarded the
Nobel Prize for his understanding of how DDT can
control insects and other pests. DDT is responsible for
reducing malaria in places such as Taiwan and Sri Lanka.
MAJOR CAUSE OF POLLUTION
• There are some major cause of pollution on world which are really
need to highlight.
• Landfill
Pollution is the introduction of harmful
materials into the environment. Landfills collect
garbage and other land pollution in a central
location. Many places are running out of space
for landfills.
• Truck Exhaust
Air pollution is the introduction of harmful
chemicals into the atmosphere. Sometimes, air
pollution is visible. The exhaust from this truck,
for instance, is polluting the air with toxic
chemicals such as carbon monoxide and
formaldehyde.
• Shanghai Towers above the Smog
The tallest towers of Shanghai, China, rise
above the haze. Shanghai's smog is a mixture
of pollution from coal, the primary source of
energy for most homes and businesses in the
region, as well as emissions from vehicles.
• Anak Krakatau
A dense ash plume escapes from Anak
Krakatau, a volcano in the Sunda Strait of Indonesia.
Anak Krakatau is part of the Ring of Fire. The Ring
of Fire is a string of volcanoes and sites of seismic
activity, or earthquakes, around the edges of the
Pacific Ocean.
• Pompeii
Mount Vesuvius, a volcano in Italy, famously
erupted in 79 C.E., killing hundreds of residents of the
nearby towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum. Most victims
of Vesuvius were not killed by lava or landslides caused
by the eruption. They were choked, or asphyxiated, by
deadly volcanic gases. (Volcanic ash buried their corpses
and later archaeologists were able to make molds of the
remains, above.)
• Leshan Giant Buddha
The Leshan Giant Buddha, in Sichuan, China, is
the largest Buddha in the world. The statue is carved directly
into the mountainside and measures 71 meters (233 feet)
tall. The Leshan Giant Buddha is one of the most visible
symbols of weathering caused by pollution. Nearby
industrial development and a stream of tourists arriving
by bus have caused chemicals in the air to corrode, or
wear away, the delicate stone of the carving.
• Industrial Runoff
Toxic water pours from a factory in South Volgograd,
Russia.
The factory once produced chemical weapons but now makes
detergents and pesticides. The polluted runoff from the
factory pours into huge ponds. The ponds pollute the air and
seep into the groundwater. Some of the water also leaks into
The nearby Volga River.
• Buriganga River
The Buriganga River flows through Dhaka,
Bangladesh. Dhaka, the largest city in Bangladesh,
has a population of about 12 million. The Buriganga
River is heavily polluted by both individuals and
industry.
• Great Pacific Garbage Patch
The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a
collection of marine debris in the North Pacific
Ocean. Also known as the Pacific trash vortex,
the garbage patch is actually two distinct
collections of debris bounded by the massive
North Pacific Subtropical Gyre.
• Dead Zone in the Chesapeake
America's Chesapeake Bay experiences dead
zones every year. Runoff from industrial and
agricultural activities contributes to the dead zones in
Chesapeake Bay, an estuary shared by Maryland, Virginia,
Delaware, and Washington, D.C. The hypoxic, or
oxygen-deprived, zone above exists near an area where
runoff from industrial and agricultural activities flows into
the bay. Runoff often carries nutrients that prevent oxygen
from reaching below the surface of the water.
• Oil Spill
Oil spills can pollute the ocean. Fish
(such as the stingray seen here), seagrass, and marine
mammals native to Alabama Gulf State Park were threatened
by the massive Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of
Mexico in 2010.
• Crop Dusting
Chemical pollutants can be intentionally
Introduced into the environment. Crop dusting allows
small planes to spray chemicals on large agricultural
fields. Fields may be dusted with pesticides or
fertilizers. While these chemicals may help the crops,
they may also enter the water, soil, and air.
• Eggshell Cracks from DDT
The powerful insecticide DDT was widely used
in the 1940s and 1950s to curb mosquito
populations, until it was discovered that the
chemical caused thinning of eggshells in some birds.
This resulted in a rapid decline in bird populations.
• Recycling
• Lets all do our part, RECYCLE!
Reducing Pollution
• Around the world, people and governments are making efforts to combat pollution. Recycling,
for instance, is becoming more common. In recycling, trash is processed so its useful materials
can be used again. Glass, aluminum cans, and many types of plastic can be melted and reused.
Paper can be broken down and turned into new paper.

Recycling reduces the amount of garbage that ends up in landfills, incinerators, and waterways.
Austria and Switzerland have the highest recycling rates. These nations recycle between 50 and
60 percent of their garbage. The United States recycles about 30 percent of its garbage.

Governments can combat pollution by passing laws that limit the amount and types of
chemicals factories and agribusinesses are allowed to use. The smoke from coal-burning power
plants can be filtered. People and businesses that illegally dump pollutants into the land, water,
and air can be fined for millions of dollars. Some government programs, such as
the Superfund program in the United States, can force polluters to clean up the sites they
polluted.
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
• https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/pollution
• https://
www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/freshwater-polluti
on
• https://
www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/critical-issues-mar
ine-pollution
• https://
www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/air-pollution