An Approach to Clinical Training

Chapter 1

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Approach to Clinical Training
 Chapter Objective

After completing this chapter, the participant will be able to

describe a mastery learning approach that incorporates adult
learning principles and features competency-based training,
coaching and humanistic training techniques.

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Approach to Clinical Training
 Enabling Objectives

! Identify the goal of clinical training

! Describe the mastery learning approach to training
! Describe the key features of effective clinical training
! Identify the responsibilities of clinical trainers and participants
! Describe alternative learning methods

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Approach to Clinical Training
 Goal of Clinical Training

! Training deals primarily with obtaining the knowledge,

attitudes and skills needed to carry out a specific procedure or
activity and presumes an immediate application.
! Education, in contrast, is defined most often in terms of future
goals.

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Approach to Clinical Training
 Mastery Learning

! Assumes that all participants can master (learn) the required

knowledge, attitudes and skills, provided sufficient time is
allowed and appropriate training methods are used
! The goal is that 100% of those being trained will “master” the
knowledge and skills on which the training is based

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Approach to Clinical Training
 Assessment with Mastery Learning

! Competency-based
! Dynamic
! Less stressful

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Approach to Clinical Training
 Key Features of Effective Clinical
Training

! Based on adult learning principles

! Uses behavior modeling
! Is competency-based
! Incorporates humanistic training techniques

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Approach to Clinical Training
 Adult Learning Principles #1

Learning is:
$ Most productive when participants are ready to learn.
$ More effective when it builds on what the participants
already know or have experienced.
$ More effective when participants are aware of what they
need to learn.
$ Made easier by using a variety of training methods and
techniques.

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Approach to Clinical Training
 Adult Learning Principles #2

! Opportunities for practicing skills initially in controlled or

simulated situations are essential for skill acquisition and for
development of skill competency.
! Repetition is necessary for participants to become competent
or proficient in a skill.
! The more realistic the learning situation, the more effective the
learning.
! To be effective, feedback should be immediate, positive and
nonjudgmental.

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Approach to Clinical Training
 Behavior Modeling

A person learns most rapidly and effectively by watching

someone else perform (model) a skill or activity.

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Approach to Clinical Training
 Levels of Performance

! Skill Acquisition — Knows the steps and their sequence (if

necessary) to perform the required skill or activity but needs
assistance
! Skill Competency — Knows the steps and their sequence (if
necessary) and can perform the required skill or activity
! Skill Proficiency — Knows the steps and their sequence (if
necessary) and efficiently performs the required skill or
activity

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Approach to Clinical Training
 Competency-Based Training

! Learning by doing
! Focus is on how the participant performs
! Clinical trainer serves as a facilitator
! Objective assessment of overall performance
! Skills are standardized
! Coaching before, during and after practice is essential

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Approach to Clinical Training
 Humanistic Training Techniques

! Contributes to better clinical training

! Uses anatomic models and clinical role plays
! Models can reduce training time
! Models minimize risks to clients
! Models reduce need for cases

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Approach to Clinical Training
Trainer and Participant Responsibilities

! Meeting learning objectives is shared by the clinical trainer

and each participant.
! The role of the clinical trainer is to facilitate learning.
! Participants are actively involved in the learning process.

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Approach to Clinical Training
 Elements of Clinical Training

! Transfer of knowledge
! Skill acquisition and practice
! Coaching by an experienced provider
! Assessment of performance in providing services

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Approach to Clinical Training
 Examples of Self-Paced Learning

! A computer-assisted learning (CAL) distance learning course

on the Internet
! A CAL course which uses interactive computer modules for
knowledge transfer and one-on-one work with the clinical
trainer for skills transfer, first with models and then with
clients
! A structured on-the-job training (OJT) clinical skills course

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Approach to Clinical Training