FUNCTIONAL ARTICULATION

Position of CORE The split core

There are four types of service core- Advantage:
 The split cores are placed on the hot
1.The central core
sides (east, west) thus, provide buffer
2.The split core zones, and minimum air-conditioning is
3.The end core required.
4.The atrium core.  The window openings run through north
Central core Split core End core Atrium core
and south.
Central core  Lift lobbies, stairways and toilets are
Advantage: naturally ventilated and a view out is possible.
 It allows all window space to be  The split core has more flexibility in floor area
utilized as rental office space. division.
Split core
 Permits offices to varying depth to Disadvantages:
receive natural light.  If the building is not that big, then it becomes
 It is suitable in terms of access and costly. Less than 75m
in some cases may be equidistant
from all sides. The end core
 Simplifies area division. Advantage:
Disadvantage:  It leaves the entry floor area of the building
 The central interior location limits the depth available for tenant use.
Central core  The core does not complicate the floor plan
of the offices.
 It requires an access corridor around its either functionally of structurally.
 Maximum flexibility is achieved.
perimeter.
Disadvantages:
Off Center core  Long access corridor for multi-tenant users..
Advantage:  Offices adjacent to core do not get sufficient
 It permits all window and the natural light.
End core
building perimeter space to be
used for office.

Atrium core
It has more flexibility depth
and arrangement of spaces. Atrium core, also known as an atrium-style core,
 This can be particularly desirable is a design feature in high-rise buildings where
where large open spaces required. the core of the structure is open to the interior,
creating a large and often visually impressive
Disadvantage: vertical space. This open space, known as an
 Some problems of accessibility. atrium, typically extends through multiple floors
 This is less suitable for the distant spaces and Off Center core of the building and is surrounded by the
corners of the building. building's core elements, such as elevators,
 A long corridor for accessibility is required. stairwells, and other service areas.
 Less flexibility of tenant (rental) distribution. Atrium core
Function of CORE Lift Core Calculation Six car groupings
 COURT / ATRIUM The handling capacity shall be
done by the following  found in large office
 LIFT buildings, public buildings
formula:
 LOBBY H= 300XQXNX 100/PXT & hospitals
 STAIRS H= Handling capacity during  provide quantity & quality
 ESCALATOR 5min. peak periods expressed  3-opposite-3 position is
 CAPSULE LIFT as the percentage of the total PREFERRED
 Ducts population handled.  dimension of the LOBBY
Preferred Acceptable
Q= ave. no. of passengers must not be less than 3m
 FIRE ESCAPE
carried in each car per trip or 3.6m if function as a
N= No. of lifts passageway
P= Total population to be
handled during peak period
T= Ave. round trip time in sec Unacceptable
Interval, I=T/N
Two car groupings Eight car groupings
 Side-by-side arrangement is  the largest PRACTICAL group
best

 4-opposite-4 arrangement
Passenger face both cars& can
react immediately
 AVOID separation of elevators
 EXCESSIVE separation destroy Preferred
Wrong
advantages of group operation
Preferred Configuration

Three car groupings Escalator

An escalator is a continuously running unidirectional vehicle.
 3 cars in a row is PREFERRABLE pairs of escalators are necessary for two -way service.
 2 cars opposite 1 is acceptable
Minimum depth of tread in direction of travel—153⁄4 in
PROBLEM: location of elevator
Maximum rise between treads—81⁄2 in
call button
Preferred Minimum width of tread—24 in
Acceptable Maximum width of tread—40 in
Maximum clearance between tread and adjacent skirt panel—3⁄8 in
Four car groupings Maximum distance between handrail centerlines—width between balustrades plus
6 in with not more than 3 in on either side of the escalator
 commonly in large,
busier buildings Types of Escalator
 2-opposite-2
• Parallel layout
arrangement is the most
• Crises-cross
efficient Acceptable
• Multiple parallel
Preferred • Walk around
SERVE & SERVICE SPACE Ducted Distribution of Services
Simply state that service is defined as those part of a building that consists of  Service duct require careful planning and should be
the service lift, fire stair, Toilet, Mechanical & Electrical service riser duct . considered at an early stage in the design of a building.
 Accommodation of the plant and the layout of services are the
1.Escape stair two essential factors in design.
3
2.Service lift 2  It is usual to need some 7 – 10% of the total floor area for
7 1
3.Lift lobby plant spaces and ducts.
4.Lavatories
5
5.Service rooms 6
RISER DUCT
6.Combi-offices
7.Team offices 4  Duct layout should be near of toilet block
Commerzbank Headquarters for cost effective ducting
Elements of Services  Duct shaft should be included maintenance
door
 TOILET
 RISER DUCT
 FIRE STAIR ELECTROMECHANICAL ROOMS
 SERVICE/FIRE ELEVATOR
•Electric switchboards
•Distribution boards
Sears Tower •Circuit breakers and disconnects
•Electricity meter
Toilet •Transformers
Plumbing •Busbars
•Backup batteries in a Battery room
Duct •Fire alarm control panels
Service/ Fire Lift
•Distribution frames Typical Substation Plan

Fire Stair Requirements for machine room :

Sears Tower •The entrance door shall have sufficient opening
TOILET to allow for in & out of machines.
 Toilet layout should be in service core •shall not be any common wall/slab between
 Toilet block should be near of riser duct machine room and water tank.
 Block position is located in a place so that •shall not be used as a store room or for any
people can use it without access in lift purpose other than housing the machinery
lobby connected with the lift installation.
Toilet •shall not act as a passage to any other room or
Commerzbank Headquarters utility. Mechanical Room
STAIR & FIRE EXIT SERVICE & FIRE ELEVATOR
Central Core Central Core
Easily escape Service Service
for central Plumbing Plumbing
position & Lift Lift
mechanical Toilet Toilet
lighting Fire Elevator Fire Elevator
Stair & Fire Exit Stair & Fire Exit
Mechanical & Electrical Mechanical & Electrical
Petronas Tower
Petronas Tower

Split Core
Split Core
More easily escape for split position Service
Service Plumbing
Plumbing Lift
Lift Toilet
Toilet Fire Elevator
Fire Elevator Stair & Fire Exit
Stair & Fire Exit Mechanical & Electrical
Mechanical & Electrical
Commerzbank Headquarters
End Core
End Core Commerzbank Headquarters
Service
Easily escape for end position Plumbing
Service
Lift
Plumbing Toilet
Lift Fire Elevator
Toilet
Stair & Fire Exit
Fire Elevator Mechanical & Electrical
Stair & Fire Exit

Atrium Core Mechanical & Electrical

Atrium Core
Service
Service
Plumbing
Plumbing
Lift
Lift Toilet
Toilet
Fire Elevator
Fire Elevator
Stair & Fire Exit
Stair & Fire Exit
Mechanical & Electrical
Mechanical & Electrical
Bligh Street, Sydney Bligh Street, Sydney