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  • Theoretical Framework and Hypothesis Formulation: Madhav Raj Koirala, PHD Professor Tribhuvan University

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    The document discusses theoretical frameworks and hypothesis formulation for research. It defines a theoretical framework as a collection of interrelated concepts that guides research by determining what to measure and what relationships to analyze. A theoretical framework is important for critically evaluating research, connecting to existing knowledge, providing a basis for hypotheses and research methods, and generalizing findings. The document provides an example research question and theoretical framework with independent variables like training and teamwork, moderating variables like employee level, and dependent variables like job satisfaction. It also discusses variables, qualities of good hypotheses, and how to formulate a hypothesis based on the research question and theoretical framework.

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    The document discusses theoretical frameworks and hypothesis formulation for research. It defines a theoretical framework as a collection of interrelated concepts that guides research by determining what to measure and what relationships to analyze. A theoretical framework is important for critically evaluating research, connecting to existing knowledge, providing a basis for hypotheses and research methods, and generalizing findings. The document provides an example research question and theoretical framework with independent variables like training and teamwork, moderating variables like employee level, and dependent variables like job satisfaction. It also discusses variables, qualities of good hypotheses, and how to formulate a hypothesis based on the research question and theoretical framework.

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    6 views11 pages

    Theoretical Framework and Hypothesis Formulation: Madhav Raj Koirala, PHD Professor Tribhuvan University

    Uploaded by

    ejabeso
    The document discusses theoretical frameworks and hypothesis formulation for research. It defines a theoretical framework as a collection of interrelated concepts that guides research by determining what to measure and what relationships to analyze. A theoretical framework is important for critically evaluating research, connecting to existing knowledge, providing a basis for hypotheses and research methods, and generalizing findings. The document provides an example research question and theoretical framework with independent variables like training and teamwork, moderating variables like employee level, and dependent variables like job satisfaction. It also discusses variables, qualities of good hypotheses, and how to formulate a hypothesis based on the research question and theoretical framework.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Theoretical Framework and

    Hypothesis Formulation
    Madhav Raj Koirala, PhD
    Professor
    Tribhuvan University
    Theoretical Framework

    • A collection of interrelated concepts, like a


    theory but not necessarily so well worked-
    out.
    • It guides research, determining what things to
    be measured, and what statistical
    relationships the researcher will look
    Significance of the Theoretical Framework

    • Evaluating the research critically


    • Connecting the researcher to existing
    knowledge
    • Providing basis for hypotheses and choice of
    research methods
    • Specify which key variables influence a
    research issue of interest
    • Helping to generalize various aspects of
    research issue
    Research Questions (Example)

    • Does TQM a positive or native impact on


    job satisfaction?
    • Does the way that TQM is introduced
    have an influence on the nature of its
    impact on job satisfaction?
    • Does the effect of TQM on Job
    satisfaction vary by level in the org?
    Theoretical Framework

    TQM Job Satisfaction


    (Concept) (Concept)
    Theoretical Framework

    Independent Variables Dependent Variables

    TQM Job Satisfaction


    • Training • Pay
    • Teamwork • Job (challenging)
    • Commitment • Autonomy
    • Recognition • Supervision

    Level of Employees
    Moderating Variables
    Variables
    • Variable is anything that takes values, which may change
    over time
    • A variable is a logical set of attributes
    • Age is an attribute that can be operationalized in many ways
    • It can be dichotomized so that only two values - "old" and
    "young" - are allowed for further data processing. In this
    case the attribute "age" is operationalized as a binary
    variable.
    • If more than two values are possible and they can be
    ordered, the attribute is represented by ordinal variable,
    such as "young", "middle age", and "old".
    • Next it can be made of rational values, such as 1, 2, 3.... 99
    Types of Research Variables
    • Dependent Variables
    • Independent variables
    • Moderating Variables
    • Mediating/Intervening Variables
    Formulating Hypotheses
    • A hypothesis is a conjectured guess about the
    solution to the research problem
    • It is a declarative sentence.
    • It states the relationship between variables in a
    manner to test it.
    • “A hypothesis is a conjectural statement of the
    relation between two or more variables”.
    (Kerlinger, 1956)
    • “Hypothesis is a formal statement that presents the
    expected relationship between an independent and
    dependent variable.”(Creswell, 1994)
    Qualities of a Good Hypothesis
    A good hypothesis should always:
    • Explain what you expect to happen
    • Be clear and understandable
    • Be testable
    • Be measurable
    • And contain an independent and a
    dependent variable
    How to Formulate a Hypothesis
    • Research question
    • Theoretical Framework

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