A Project Review Presentation on

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE

BY USING POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE WASTE (PET) & SEWAGE
SLUDGE ASH AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT

Project Batch:
1.C.Dileep Kumar (320126508008)
2.A.Neeraj (321126508L14)
3.A.Ayyappa Kundaraju (320126508001)
4.A.Sirisha (321126508L26)

Under the Esteemed Guidance of

SHAIK ASIF ALI
M.TECH,(Phd)
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPT.
ANITS
OVERVIEW

1. INTRODUCTION OF THE PROJECT

2. OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

3. LITERATURE SURVEY

4. METHODOLOGY OF THE PROJECT

INTRODUCTION OF THE
CONCRETE:

PROJECT
1.Concrete if the man made material widely used for construction purposes. The usual ingredients in
concrete are cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water.
2.Aggregates are considered as one of the main constituents of concrete since they occupy 70-80% of
the volume of the concrete.
3.In many countries, there is scarcity of natural aggregates that are suitable for construction.
4.While in other countries , there is an increase in the consumption of aggregates due to the greater
demand by the construction industry.
5.In India, there is great demand of aggregates mainly from civil engineering industry for road and
concrete constructions, So researchers developed waste management strategies to apply for
replacement of fine aggregate and cement for increasing sustainability, environmental conservation.
 POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE:
1.Polyethylene Terephthalate commonly known as PET, is the most important
polyester.
2.PET is widely used to fabricate carbonated beverage bottles because it has
high strength and toughness, good abrasion and heat resistance, low creep at
elevated temperatures, good chemical resistance and excellent dimensional
stability.
3.PET waste has become a major portion of plastic pollution , Aquatic Pollution
4.PET is not a biodegradable plastic, which may be a huge disadvantage.
5.Another way to dispose of polyethylene is incineration, which can result in
harmful gas emissions.
 SEWAGE SLUDGE ASH:
1.Sewage sludge ash is the by-product produced during the combustion of dewatered
sewage sludge is a solid residue derived from the incineration of sewage sludge.
2.Considering that is physical and chemical characteristics are similar to fly ash, the
SSA becomes a possible mineral additive to produce cementitious materials.
3.Among cement-based materials, concrete is a good choice for SSA application
because it consumes large amounts of non-renewable resources and the emission of
pollutants into the atmosphere.
4.Also sewage sludge ash disposal in landfills will be minimized.
5.Sewage sludge ash (SSA) has attracted research attention in many countries due to
environmental regulations concerning disposal and the presence of heavy metals and
organic compounds in its composition.
 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
1. To Conduct feasibility study of producing concrete using PET Waste & SSA
Waste.
2. To Study the properties of fresh and hardened concrete using PET Waste & SSA
Waste.
3. To Evaluate the optimum percentage of PET waste powder as partial replacement
of sand by conducting Strength Tests.
4. To Determine the optimum percentage of Sewage sludge ash (SSA) as partial
replacement of cement for optimized percentage of PET waste concrete.
5. To find out the variation in compressive, split tensile and flexural strength tests
for the ages 7,28,56,90 Days Respectively
LITERATURE SURVEY
SSA WASTE POWDER :
1.According to a study by “JAMSHIDI(2013)” no reduction in compressive strength was observed
with 5-10% use of sewage sludge ash as a cementing material in concrete even after 90days of
water curing.
2.As per research by jamshid(2013) in which they have used three replacement levels(2.5,5 and
10%) of sewage sludge ash in concrete
3.Sarah E. Johnson(2007)'s study focuses on assessing the mechanical properties of concrete when
sewage sludge is used as a partial substitute for cement. The research investigates parameters such
as compressive strength, flexural strength, and workability of the resulting concrete mixes.
4.Ahmed M. Hassan’s (2015) study says when 15% of cement was replaced with sewage sludge,
the study observed a reduction in compressive strength by approximately 10-15%. However, the
flexural strength remained relatively stable or even improved in some cases, indicating the
potential to maintain structural integrity with optimized blends.
5.Reynold Ryan’s (2017) Study Analyzes concrete specimens with 20% sewage sludge
replacement, the study observed a refined microstructure with a more homogeneous distribution of
phases. Despite a reduction in compressive strength (around 20-25%) compared to conventional
concrete, the concrete displayed improved resistance to microcracking, indicating potential
advantages for long-term durability.
 PET WASTE POWDER:

1. A study by Etxeberria et al. (2010) found that replacing fine aggregate with 5% PET
powder resulted in a 10% increase in compressive strength, but no significant change
in flexural strength or split tensile strength.
2. A study by Singh et al. (2013) found that replacing fine aggregate with 15% PET
powder resulted in a 20% increase in compressive strength, and a 10-15% increase in
flexural and split tensile strength.
3. A study by Al-Khairi et al. (2015) found that replacing fine aggregate with 5% PET
powder resulted in a 5% increase in compressive strength, but no significant change in
flexural strength or split tensile strength.
4. A study conducted by Hannawi (2017) indicated that replacing 50% of fine aggregate
with PET decreased dry density to 19%,this due to the low specific gravity of plastic
compared to fine aggregate.
METHODOLOGY OF THE
PROJECT
1. Performing Mix Design for the calculation of mix Proportions.
2. Mix design by Replacing the PET waste powder and SSA waste powder in place
of natural sand and cement
3. Trial mixes of concrete are casted for 7,28,56,90 days respectively.
4. Obtaining the optimum percentage values of both PET waste powder and SSA
waste powder which participated in increase of strength values than convention
concrete strength values
MIX DESIGN PROCEDURE
1. Stipulations for proportioning:
a) Grade designation: M30
b) Type of cement: OPC 43 grade confirming to IS 12269
c) Exposure condition: Severe
d) Maximum nominal size of aggregate: 20mm
e) Cement content : 400kg/m3
f) Water cement ratio: 0.44(as per IS 546)
g) Workability: 25mm-75mm(slump)
h)Method of concrete placing : Normal
i)Degree of supervision : Good
j)Type of aggregate : Crushed angular aggregate
2.Test data for materials:
a) Cement used : OPC 43 grade conforming to IS8 112:1989
b)specific gravity of cement : 3.12
C)specifics gravity of coarse aggregate (for 10+20mm) : 2.74
d)specific gravity of fine aggregate : 2.59
Fine aggregate conforming to grading zone-11 of table 4 of IS 383
3.Target strength for mix proportioning:
fck = fck +1.65 S
Where,
f”,t = target mean strength at 28 days
Y = characteristic compressive strength at 28 days
S = standard deviation
From table 1 of IS 10262-2009, standard deviation (s) =5.0 N/mm2.
= 30 +1.65(5.0) = 38.25 N/mm2.
4.Selection of water cement ratio:
From table 5 of IS 456, maximum water cement ratio = 0.50 for severe exposure condition based on
experience ,adopt water- cement ratio = 0.44
0.44<0.50, hence Ok.
5.Selection of cement content:
From table 5 of IS 456,Minimum cement content for server exposure condition = 300kg/m 3.
400 kg/m> 300kg/m, Hence OK.
6.Selection of water content:
From table 2 of IS 10262:2009,maximum watrer content for 20mm aggregate = 186 litres
Water content = 0.44 x cement content
=0.44 x 400
= 176 liters 186 liters , Hence OK.
7.I'roportion of volume of coarse aggregate rind fine aggregate:
From table 3 of IS 1 0262:2009, volume of coarse aggregate corresponding to 20mm size aggregate and fine aggregate
(Zone II) for water-cement ratio of 0.5 = 0.62

In the present case water-cement ratio is 0.45.

Hence from IS 10262:2009 the volume of coarse aggregate corresponding to 20mm size aggregate and fine
aggregate(Zone II) for water-cement ratio of 0.44 as 0.62
Volume of coarse aggregate for water-cement ratio of 0.44 — 0.62 Volume of fine aggregate = 1-0.62 = 0.38
8.Mix calculations:

a)Volume of concrete = 1m3

b)Volume of cement = (mass of cement * specific gravity of cement) x (1 -1000)

= (400/3.12) x (1/1000)

= 0.l28m3.
c) Volumeof water = (mass of water – specife gravity ) x (1-1000)
= (176/1) x(1-1000)
= 0.176m3.
d) Volume of chemical admixture (0.5% by weight of cement) = (mass of chemical admixture/specific gravity
of admixture ) x (1/1000)
= (2/1.145) x (1/1000)
= 0.0017m
e) Volume of all in aggregate = 1-(0.128+0.176+0.0017)
= 0.694m3.
f) Volume of fine aggregate = 1-0.694
= 0.370m3.
g) Mass of fine aggregate = d x volume of fine aggregate x specific gravity of fine aggregate x 1000
= 0.694 x 0.37 x 2.59 x 1000
= 661.56 kg.
9. Mix proportions:
a) Cement = 400 kg/m3
b) water = 176 liters.
c) Fine aggregate = 661.56kg/m3
d) Coarse aggregate = 1223.89kg/m3

 MATERIAL PROPERTIES (Sludge ash):

S.N Property Value
o
1 Silicon Dioxide 59.47%
2 Calcium Oxide 8.69%
3 Alumina and Ferric Oxide 10.45%

4 Magnesium Oxide 3.13%

5 Specific gravity 1.2 to 1.4
6 Fineness Modulus 2.78 to 2.89
7 Bulk density 1.18 ± 0.04 g/cm3
 MATERIAL PROPERTIES (PET):

Sr.no PROPERTY VALUE

1. Density 1.38-1.40 g/cc
2. Water Absorption 0.3%
3. Particle Size 2500 - 3500 µm
4. Softening Point 248 C
5. Impact Elasticity 30 KJ/m2
6. Specific gravity 1.38
7. Fineness Modulus 2.96
8. Bulk density 1.40 kg/cm3
THANK
YOU