PARASITIC DERMATOSIS

DEMODICOSIS
 • Localized over population of Demodex canis
• D.Canis – Normal Commensal inhabitant of
LOCALIZED canine skin
• Prognosis – Good
DEMODICOSIS • <4 lesions ( < 2.5 cm diameter each)

• May have genetic tendencies

• Juvenile onset
GENERALIZED • Adult onset

DEMODICOSIS
• Severe & Life threatening
• 4 focal lesions to 50% of body surface
 LOCALIZED DEMODICOSIS

• Predisposing factors:
• Endoparasitism
• Poor nutrition
• Immunosuppressive drug therapy
• Transient Stress
• Estrus
• Pregnancy
• Surgery
• Boarding
• Appears as 1-5 patches of alopecia
• Variable erythema
• Hyperpigmentism
• Scaling ( Localized to one area of the body)
• Lesions are most common- on Face
• Lesions are non-Pruritic ( Unless secondary infection)
 Iesions on head alopacia on affected area

Genaralised demodicosis lesion on fore limb

 Lesions on head and around eyes

Spectacle eye condition

 Generalized Demodicosis- Clinical signs
• Gen.Demmodicosis is defined as - >5 FOCAL LESIONS or > 2 body regions
• Lesions :
• Patchy, Regional, Multifocal, or Diffused alopecia
• Variable Erythema
• Silver Greyish scaling
• Papules
• Pruritus
• Skin –
• LICHENIFIED
• HYPER PIGMENTATION
• PUSTULAR, ERODED , CRUSTED or
• ULCERATED from secondary SPD or Deep Pyoderma
 Demodicosis- Differential Diagnosis

Localized Demodicosis Gen. Demodicosis

• SPD • Pyoderma ( SPD / Deep PD)
• Dermatophytosis
• Dermatophytosis
• Hypersensitivity
• Other causes of Alopecia • FAD
• Atopic dermatitis
• Food intolerance ( Food Allergy)
• Auto immune skin diseases
• Pemphigous
• Discoid Lupus Erythematosis ( DLE)
• SLE
• Cutaneous Drug Reaction

DEMODICOSIS - Diagnosis
• Clinical signs
• Deep skin scrapings:
• Place a drop of mineral oil
• Multiple scrapings ( 1cm2)
• Scrape in the direction of hair
growth
• Squeeze the skin before scraping-
To extrude the mites from deep
follicles
• Scraping continue –until capillary
bleeding occurs
• Trichogram: Areas where scraping is
difficult ( Periocular/Inter digital areas).
• Pluck the hair with forceps in the direction
of hair growth
• Place it in drop of mineral oil/ Liq.paraffin
on slide and put cover slip
• Plucking 50-100 follicles- ↑ chances of +ves
• High diagnostic yield ( but –ve should be
declared by deep scraping)
• +ve trichograms in Healthy dogs - RARE
• Skin biopsy-
• Foreign body granulomas in Furunculosis
• Paws
• Certain breeds like- Shar-peis
• Other methods :
• Exudates from PUSTULES or Draining tracts
• Acetate Tape preparations
 DEMODICOSIS - TREATMENT

• Treatment of Gen.Demodicosis- MULTIMODAL

• Affective Acaricidal therapy
• Topical :Dips / Rinses /Shampoos
• Miticidal drugs – Ivermectin/Doramectin/ Moxidectin
• Treatment of Concurrent Secondary Bacterial infection:
• Topical – Shampoos ( Chlorhexidine/ Benzyle peroxide)
• Systemic Antimicrobials – Antibiotics
• Treatment of Internal parasitism- Deworming
• Avoid Immunosuppressive therapy
 DEMODICOSIS – TREATMENT of
Secondary Bacterial Infection
• Cytology /Culture – Essential if rod shaped organisms are seen.
• Empirical antibiotic therapy – Gm+ve cocci infections.
• Therapy :
• Oral Antibiotic therapy
• Topical Antimicrobial therapy- Contributes to removal of Crusts, Debris
(Which contains, Mites, Exudate, Inflammatory mediators
• Body Soaks
• Shampoos
Benzyl Peroxide -2-3%
Chlorhexidine-3-4%
Amitraz-Rinse
SCABIES
 CANINE SCABIES
• Caused by : Sarcoptes scabiei var.canis
• Superficial burrowing skin mite
• Mites secretes ALLERGENIC SUBSTANCES- Elicits
INTENSE PRURITUS
• Affected dogs- often have a previous history of :
• Being in shelter
• Having contact with stray dogs
• Visiting grooming or Boarding facility
• In multiple –dog household - >1dog usually affected
 Scabies – Clinical signs
• Non seasonal intense pruritus • Lesions:
• Initially localized –Hairless parts • PAPULES
• ALOPECIA
• Later – Spread over the body • ERYTHEMA
• SLEEPLESSNESS – due to itching • CRUSTS- Dry , Yellow to honey color
• Secondary weight loss, Debility • Excoriations
• Severe scaling &Crusting. • Initially less skin areas – affected-
Hocks, Elbows,Pinnal margins,
• Zoonotic -10-15 % family members
Ventral abdomen, Chest
may affected.
• Lesions wont find on DORSUM
• +ve PINNA PEDAL REFLEX- 75% cases
Scabies - Differential Diagnosis:

• Atopy – Areas of itching, Age , Seasonal, Responds to G.C

• Food intolerance- Perianal fistula, Diarrhoea, Vomition
• FAD – Lumbosacral area, Flea dirt
• Mallasezia – Areas, Greezy oozings
• Pyoderma – Secondary lesions
• Demodecosis – Non itchy alopecia
• Contact dermatitis
Scabies - Diagnosis
• History :
• Clinical signs
• Response to therapy : Give Ivermectin- Signs subcides
• Pinnal-pedal reflex : Rubbing of the ear margin between thumb and
forefinger- Elicits – Scratch reflex( 80 % Accuracy).
• Microscopy : Crusted papule – Best lesion to scrape ( Female burrows)
• Superficial scrapings 20% accuracy .Find mites, nymph, larvae or ova.
• Serology- ELISA – circulating IgG.
• Dermato H.P : Hyperplacia, Perivascular dermatitis, L.C , Mast cells&
Eosinophills
 Scabies Treatment
• Easily treated with Ivermectin
• Ivermectin :
• @ 0.2 – 0.4 mg/kg- S/C- Every 14days
• Treat Intact animals also
• Selamectin @ 6-12mg/kg
• Milbemycin- 0.75mg/kg-PO- 30 days
• Lime sulpher dip :5%
• Secondary Pyoderma –
• Systemic A.B-3-4 weeks
• Topical shampoo.
• If the animals is severely pruritic - & mites are identified- Steroids can be given for 2-3 days.
• Kennels – Bedding be disposed & maintain hygiene.
CHEYLETELLOSIS
OTODECTES( Ear mange)
 FLEA
INFESTATION/FAD
 Flea infestation

Non-flea Allergic dogs Flea Allergic dogs

• Fleas- Small , Wingless, Blood sucking • Intense Pruritus
insects • Papular crusting eruptions
• Ctenocephalides- Common species • Secondary –
• If only fleas on skin without allergic • SEBORRHOEA
reactions : • ALOPECIA
• Asymptomatic carriers • EXCORIATION
• May be Anaemic • PYODERMA
• Tape worm infestation ( I.H for Dipilidium ) • HYPERPIGMENTATION
• Mild skin irritation • LICHENIFICATION
FAD(Flea Allergy Dermatitis
 FAD-Diagnosis
• History & Clinical findings
• Response to Aggressive Flea control therapy
• Visualization of Fleas or Flea excreta on body
• Visualization of Dipilidium segments
• Allergy testing
 Treatment
• Strict flea eradication
• Secondary Pyoderma – Treat with AB
• Topical – Fipronil, Imidocloprid :Sprays,Spoton, Dips,
• Selamectin- every 2-4w
• Severe cases: Nitenpyram-1mg/kg-PO
FIPRONIL(Phenyl Pyrazole acaricide)
• Spray.Freedom ( Venky’s)- 0.25% w/v – 100ml, 225ml
• Spray -Effipro ( Virbac).0.25% - 80ml, 180ml
• Fiprotic – 0.25% - 100ml
• Spot on . Protector (cipla) – 0.25% w/v- 120ml
Fipronil –Spot on

• Fiprotic spoton
• Fixotic-Advance-spoton
(Fipronil 9.8% w/v
S-Metoprene 8.8 %
w/V )