Objectives:

 At the end of this module, you are expected to:

•distinguish the types of conditionals;

•use correct verb forms in constructing
conditional sentences; and
•express arguments on social and
environmental issues using conditionals.
CONDITIONALS
By: Nanete R. Gutierrez
 Conditional Sentences
A conditional sentence expresses
a real or unreal condition

A conditional sentence expresses

the idea that the action in the
MAIN CLAUSE can only happen
when a certain CONDITION is
fulfilled.
 Conditional Sentences
IF-CLAUSE (CONDITION) MAIN CLAUSE (RESULT

If you heat water to 100

it boils.
degrees,
If leaders are good, the nation will flourish.
he would better protect
If he wore his face mask,
himself from the virus
If the citizens have abided
this pandemic would have
the rules imposed on
not gotten worse.
them,
 Conditional Sentences
Structure :

A conditional sentence is composed of 2 parts :

If-clause + Main Clause

(condition) (result)
Example :

If it rains tomorrow, we will not come.

If-clause Main Clause

If…
The if-clause can come at the beginning
or end of a sentence.

e.g.
We need to bring an umbrella if there is a rain.

If there’s a rain, we need to bring an umbrella.

Real conditionals vs. Unreal Conditionals
REAL
1. Phosphorus burns if you
expose it to air. (a fact; zero
conditional)
2. If I have enough time, I'll
watch the basketball match.
(very likely to happen, first
conditional)
UNREAL
1. If I were a billionaire, I would
sponsor the COVID vaccine for
the Philippines.
(imaginary, second conditional)
2. He wouldn’t have infected
his entire family if he had
isolated himself upon arrival.
(hypothetical, third conditional)
ZERO CONDITIONAL
- is a structure used for talking about general truths
- used to talk about things which are always true --
scientific facts, general truths, and so on

Formula: IF + simple present / simple present

If Clause Main Clause
If you heat the water to 100 it (boils, boil).
degrees,
If you don’t water flowers they (dies, die).
If you mix yellow and blue you (gets/get) green.
If you pour oil into water, it (floats/float).
FIRST CONDITIONAL
- it expresses a possible condition and its probable
result in the future.
Formula: IF + simple present / simple future
If Clause Main Clause
If the weather is nice, we will go for a walk.
If you don’t apologize, she will never trust you
again.
If I feel sick, I will not (go,goes) to school.
If I go out I’ll (buys/buy) a newspaper
FIRST CONDITIONAL
Formula: IF + simple present / simple future
If Clause Main Clause
If I have enough time, We will (visit/visits) Robert.
If you are hungry, I will (make/makes) you
something to eat.
If I fail the exam, I shall (take/takes) it again.
If you finish the letter, I will (post/posts) it for you.
If you are working now. I will (come, comes) back
later
 SECOND CONDITIONAL
- is used to talk about things which are unreal (not true or not
possible) in the present or the future -- things which don't or won't
happen.
Formula: IF + past tense / would, could, might + base form of Verb

If Clause Main Clause

If he got up earlier he wouldn’t be late for work
If you didn’t pass the exam would you take it again?
If I had a lot of money, I would (travel, travels) round
the world.
If the weather were nice, I might (go, goes) to the
beach
SECOND CONDITIONAL
Susan wants to phone Paul but she can’t do this
because she doesn’t know his number.

If I knew his number,

I would phone him.
 THIRD CONDITIONAL
- is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the past.
- is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past.
Formula: IF + Past Perfect / would have, could have, might
have + Past Participle of the verb

If Clause Main Clause

If I had studied harder last I would have passed the exam.
semester,
If the weather had been nice I (would go, would have gone)
yesterday to the beach.
If you had taken the yesterday, you (might pass, might have
passed) it.
If I’d had the right tools last week I (could repair, could have repaired)
the car.
 ALL CONDITIONALS

0. If he drives carefully, he avoids the accident.

General time reference.

1. If he drives carefully, he will avoid the accident tomorrow.

This is still possible to happen.
2. If he drove carefully, he would avoid the accident today.
But he doesn’t drive carefully. This is unlikely to happen.

3. If he had driven carefully, he would have avoided the accident

yesterday.
But he didn’t drive carefully, so he didn’t avoid the accident.
Exercise:
1. If we the earlier train, we would have got
there earlier.
a. had caught c. has caught
b. have caught d. none of the above
2. If you had worked harder, you passed your
exam.
a. would c. would have
b. will have d. will
Exercise:
1. If we A the earlier train, we would have got
there earlier.
a. had caught c. has caught
b. have caught d. none of the above
2. If you had worked harder, you C passed your
exam.
a. would c. would have
b. will have d. will
Exercise:
3. If you make a mistake, someone you know.
a. will let c. would have let
b. would let d. has let
4. If you a flame, you burn yourself.
a. touched c. touching
b. touches d. touch
5. If you went to bed earlier, you not be so tired.
a. will c. would have
b. would d. will have
Exercise:
3. If you make a mistake, someone Ayou know.
a. will let c. would have let
b. would let d. has let
4. If you D a flame, you burn yourself.
a. touched c. touching
b. touches d. touch
5. If you went to bed earlier, you B not be so tired.
a. will c. would have
b. would d. will have
 Exercise:
6. If you had studied harder, you the exam.
a. would have passed c. would pass
b. would has passed d. will pass
7. If I go to the park tomorrow, I my dog.
a. would bring c. will brought
b. will bring d. would brought
8. If I were you, I a lawyer.
a. would got c. would get
b. will get d. gotten
 Exercise:
6. If you had studied harder, you A the exam.
a. would have passed c. would pass
b. would has passed d. will pass
7. If I go to the park tomorrow, I B my dog.
a. would bring c. will brought
b. will bring d. would brought
8. If I were you, I C a lawyer.
a. would got c. would get
b. will get d. gotten
Exercise:
9. When I to sleep at night, I always dream
of pleasant things.
a. go c. going
b. goes d. went
10. If I have enough money, some new
shoes.
a. I will bought c. I buy
b. I would buy d. I will buy
Exercise:
9. When I A to sleep at night, I always dream
of pleasant things.
a. go c. going
b. goes d. went
10. If I have enough money, D some new
shoes.
a. I will bought c. I buy
b. I would buy d. I will buy
 Exercise:
1. If you ask him, he ___________ (take) you to the
airport.
2. You know that I can’t afford this ring. If I earned more, I
________________(buy) you the whole world.
3. It’s a pity I didn’t go to Spain last summer. If I had gone
there, I ____________________ (have) a chance to
use my Spanish.
4. If I were you, I ______________ (take) your neighbor to
court.
5. If you freeze the water, it ____________ solid.
6. If people eat too much, they ____________fat.
 Exercise:
1. If will take (take) you to the
you ask him, he ___________
airport.
2. You know that I can’t afford this ring. If I earned more, I
would buy
________________(buy) you the whole world.
3. It’s a pity I didn’t go to Spain last summer. If I had gone
would have had
there, I ____________________ (have) a chance to
use my Spanish.
would take (take) your neighbor to
4. If I were you, I ______________
court.
5. If becomes
you freeze the water, it ____________ solid.
6. If get
people eat too much, they ____________fat.