Practical

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Identification of Anions

Carbonate, Sulphite,
Sulphide, Chloride,
Nitrate, Sulphate
Identification of carbonate anion
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PXB8McUBNT4

Identification of Sulphite anion

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-pdKtHePATQ
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Identification of Sulphide anion

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3bxac77mzuI
Identification of Chloride anion
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O3d_NKyhIwg

Identification of Nitrate anion

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fXo39WiDNhg

Identification of Sulphate anion

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-YVH0DXbqmo
 IDENTIFICATION OF ANIONS:
(A) CARBONATE:

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Take a pinch of salt and add dilute

sulphuric acid. Brisk effervescence occurs and a colourless, May be carbonate. The evolved gas may
(i)
odourless gas is evolved. be CO2

Pass the evolved gas through:

 Lime water turns milky.
 Lime water.  The evolved gas is carbon dioxide
(ii)  Acidified potassium dichromate  No change in colour. and the anion is Carbonate.
solution.

Na2CO3 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O

Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3 + H2 O
(B) SULPHITE
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Effervescence occurs and a colourless, pungent smelling

Take a pinch of salt and add dilute sulphuric May be the evolved gas is SO2
(i) gas is evolved.
acid.Heat
On heating brisk effervescence occurs.

.
Pass the evolved gas through: Acidified potassium  Orange coloured solution turns clear green.
(ii)  The evolved gas is sulphur dioxide and the
dichromate solution.
anion is Sulphite.

K2SO3 + H2SO4 K2SO4 + H2O + SO2

Ca(OH)2 + SO2 CaSO3 + H2O
K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 + 3SO2 K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + H2O

chromium
 (C) SULPHIDE:
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

May be hydrogen sulphide.

(i) Take a pinch of salt and add dilute sulphuric acid. A gas with a smell of rotten eggs is evolved.

Bring a moist lead acetate paper in the way of the The evolved gas is hydrogen sulphide and the anion is
(ii) Lead acetate paper turns silvery black.
gas. sulphide.

Na2S + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + H2S

(CH3COO)2 Pb + H2S 2CH3COOH + PbS

(D) CHLORIDE:
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

(i) Take a pinch of salt and add dilute sulphuric acid. No reaction

(ii) Take a pinch of salt and add concentrated sulphuric acid. Pungent smelling gas is evolved.

A curdy white precipitate is formed which is soluble

Pass the evolved gas through silver nitrate solution. The precipitate is of silver chloride (AgCl)
(iii) in ammonium hydroxide.

Bring a glass rod dipped in ammonium hydroxide The dense white fumes are of NH4Cl.. The
Dense white fumes are seen.
(NH4OH) in the way of the gas . anion is chloride
(iv)

NaCl + con. H2SO4 NaHSO4 + HCl

AgNO3 + HCl AgCl + HNO3
NH3 + HCl NH4Cl
 (E) NITRATE:
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

(i) Take a pinch of salt and add dilute sulphuric acid. No reaction

Take a pinch of salt and add concentrated sulphuric acid and

(ii) Reddish brown fumes are evolved. The gas evolved may be nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
copper filings and heat.

Pass the evolved gas over moist potassium iodide paper. The potassium iodide paper turns brown. The anion may be nitrate (NO3)
(iii)

Take 2-3ml of salt solution, and 2-3ml of freshly prepared

A brown ring appears at the junction of the two liquid layers. The
(iv) FeSO4 solution. Then add 2-3 ml of conc. H2SO4 by the side The anion is nitrate.
brown ring disappears on shaking the test tube.
of the test tube.

Cu + 4NaNO3 + 4H2SO4 4NaHSO4 + Cu(NO3)2 + 2H2O + 2NO2

6FeSO4 + 3H2SO4 + 2HNO3 3Fe2(SO4)3 + 4H2O + 2NO
FeSO4 + NO FeSO4.NO
 (F) SULPHATE:

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Take a pinch of salt and add 2-5ml of dilute

(i) No reaction
sulphuric acid.

Take a pinch of salt and add concentrated H 2SO4

(ii) No reaction May be sulphate
and heat.

Add 2-3ml of barium chloride solution to about

A dense white precipitate is formed. The anion is sulphate.
(iii) 2-3ml of salt solution.

K2SO4 + BaCl2 BaSO4 + 2 KCl

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