UOG

UNIVERSITY OF GONDAR

COLLEGE OF NATURAL AND COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

POSTGRADUATE STUDENT

SEMINAR I ON

“PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING; GREEN SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL

SIGNIFICANCE OF LEAD OXIDE NANOPARTICLES FROM EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS LABILL.

(LEAVES)”

BY: GETANEH WORKU MOGES

ADVISOR: H/MICHAEL TEGENU (Ph.D)

01/01/2024 1
Gondar, Ethiopia
 Outline
1. Introduction

2. Methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles

3. Factors Influencing the Green Synthesis of Various

Nanoparticles

4. Mechanisms of nanoparticle formation and application

5. Characterization of Nanomaterial’s

6. Conclusion

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 Introduction
 Plants use as medicines for the treatment of a wide variety of
diseases.
 Plants can produce a verity of metabolites such as
phenols, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, essential oils and
alkaloids.
These metabolites are a key role for generate metal
nanoparticle.
 Plant metabolites role as stabilizing and reducing agents to
synthesize green nanoparticles.
01/01/2024 3
 Cont.…
 Nanotechnology is a field of science that deals with nano-
meter sized.
 The green nanoparticles are used in
personal care,
medicine,
nano-enabled devices,
Food,
aquaculture sciences,
agricultural products and
to treat environmental pollutants
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 Cont.…
 Nano lead oxide (PbO NPs) has been widely employed in
lead storage batteries
electrodes, detectors for X-ray imaging, lead crystal, lead
glazes, decorative potteries, sensors, and paints
Adsorption
treatment of several infectious diseases caused by
Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
for the preparation of Nano composite polymer membrane
antioxidant potential, potent anti-cancer activity, free
radical scavenging.
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 Eucalyptus globulus
 Eucalyptus globulus Labill synonym blue gum tree is an
evergreen tree, one of the most widely cultivated trees native
to
Australia,
South Africa,
India,
Southern Europe and
Ethiopia.
 Eucalyptus globulus Labill belonging to the angiosperm
family of Myrtaceae, that grows up to 70 m.
01/01/2024 6
 2. Methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles
 The synthesis methods depends on the application that will
be given to the nanomaterial

Synthesis of nanoparticles

Top to Bottom Bottom to Up

Physical Approach
Chemical Approach Green Approach

toxic
Non toxic

Figure 1: Various physical, chemical, and green approaches for

the synthesis of NPs.
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 2.1. Green synthesis of lead oxide nanoparticles
 Biosynthesized NPs from plant extracts are, usually, prepared
from biological part of plants. Plant parts, for instance
leaf,
 root,
stem and
seed, are widely utilized for synthesizing metal-
based NPs.
 plant extracts contain bioactive compounds

01/01/2024 8
 Cont.…

Carbohydrates Polyphenols Vitamins

Phytochemicals
Glycosides (capping, reducing and Alkaloids
stabilizing agents)
Terpenoids
Phenolic acids
Proteins

Figure 2: Main phytochemicals involved in synthesis of

nanoparticles.

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 Cont.…
 Biosynthesis of plant mediated nanoparticles can be
classified into three phases

Figure 3: Biosynthesis mechanism for producing metal NPs

01/01/2024 10
 2.2. Preliminary phytochemical analysis

 Alkaloids
present methanol and
 Flavonoids
H2O extract
 Phenolic and tannins
 Saponnins
 Steroids/terpenes absent petroleum
 Glycosides ether extract

 Flavonoids, steroids/terpenes, glycosides present in

chloroform extract.
 Flavonoids, phenolic and tannins, steroids/terpenes present
in ethyl acetate extract.

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 2.3. Antimicrobial activity of E. globulus and
synthesized PbO‑NPs
 The synthesized PbO-NPs and leaves of E. globulus (EG)
showed a potent antibacterial activity against
 Gram-positive and
 Gram-negative bacteria.

 The highest zone of inhibition recorded for EG was

◦ 21 mm from n-hexane extract against the strains of S.

aureus

◦ 26 mm from methanol extract against E. coli.

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 Cont.…

 The synthesized PbO-NPs the highest zone recorded as

19 mm from n-hexane extract against the strains of S.
aureus
16 mm from methanol extract against the strains E.
coli

01/01/2024 13
3. Factors Influencing the Green Synthesis of
Nanoparticles

 The factors involved in the green synthesis of metal and metal

oxide nanoparticles such as
reaction time
pH
temperature
Plant species,
Extract concentration and
metal Precursor concentration

01/01/2024 14
4. Mechanisms of nanoparticle formation and
application

 The mechanisms for the formation of nanoparticles

mediated by plant extracts have not yet been fully
established.
 Plant metabolites are responsible for the
reduction of metal ions, and
able to act as capping and stabilizing agents

01/01/2024 15
Table 2: Synthesis of metallic and metal oxide nanoparticles
by extracts of Eucalyptus globulus leaves and its application.

Types Metal Precursor conditions Size Morphology Applications Reference

of nano (nm)
particle
PbO- Pb(CH3COO)2 0.1M 40-70 clustered Antibacterial (Tailor and
NPs Pb(CH3COO)2, aggregate activity Lawal, 2021)
NiO- NiNO3.6H2O pH=8, 70OC, 19 Face Centered Antibacterial (Saleem et
NPs cubic activity al., 2017)

MgO- Mg(NO3)2.6H2O 0.001M 6-8 Rod shaped Medicinal (Jeevananda

NRs Mg(NO3)2.6H2O width application m and San,
, 80OC, 20min 2018)
Ag- AgNO3 1mMAgNO3, 1.9– Spherical Antibacterial (Ali et al.,
NPs 20OC, 25 activity 2015)
30min,pH=8,
microwave
ZnO- Zn(NO3)2·6H2O 60 °C, 1 Hrs , 27-35 Spherical photocatalytic (Barzinjy and
NPs activity Azeez, 2020)

01/01/2024 16
5. Characterization of Nanomaterial’s
 The size and morphology of NPs are the most important
parameters and these parameters has been characterized by
 Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic analysis
identification of the possible functional groups
 UV–Vis Spectrophotometry
stability of biosynthesized NPs

 analyze the photocatalytic behavior of NPs

01/01/2024 17
 Cont.…
 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
 used to identify the shape, size, morphology, and distribution

 X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis

 crystalline nature of NPs

 to identify the qualitative and quantitative levels of materials

 Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX)

 confirmed the presence and purity of NPs

 identify the elemental composition of materials

 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)

 directly measuring the particle size, grain size, size distribution, and
morphology of nanoparticles
01/01/2024 18
 6. Conclusion
 Plants are the sources of several bioactive compounds that
can role as stabilizing and reducing agents to synthesize
green nanoparticles.
 The choice of the synthesis methods of nanoparticles was
Chemical and physical and Green synthesis methods.
 The green synthesized methods are eco-friendly, non-toxic,
cost-effective.
 plant extract of Eucalyptus globulus leaves and synthesized
PbO-Nps was potent antibacterial activity against
 Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Acknowledgment

I would like to thank my seminar advisor Hailemichael

Tegenu (Ph.D) for his constructive comments and
suggestion.

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