Hot weather management‫ار‬ ‫ادارة أ

ء ا‬

“Back To Management Basics”

“‫”دة إ أ  ّت ا‬
February 2009
Jordan

Alastair Lewin
 Introduction


There are many companies ‫ه

ك ا!   اآت  أ‬
designing cooling systems. ‫ وه* ) و ' !&ت‬. $‫ا‬
They are specialised and
have access to better .,
ً -. /‫أآ‬
information than me.
This talk is designed for ‫ات‬0'‫ ا‬1
  ‫ا ا‬2‫* ه‬3 4
existing set-ups and what ‫ر‬$56‫! ا‬7 829‫ أ‬: ‫ا;دة و‬
should be considered when .‫
 و >= <& ا ار‬5
trying to solve the problem
for the hot weather.

2
 The key factors
44?‫ا!ا= ا‬

VENTILATION

‫ا‬

FEED HOT WEATHER COLD WATER


‫ا‬ ‫ ر‬ ‫ء رد‬

LIGHT
PROGRAMMES
‫ اءة‬ 3
 Ventilation
 '‫ا‬

HOW DOES THE CHICKEN LOSE

HEAT?
‫ ا;ج  اارة ؟‬B&) C‫آ‬

4
 Methods of losing heat
‫ ااري‬-‫ق ا‬F

"#
‫ا‬
'


‫ا‬
$‫ر‬
‫ا
ث‬

‫ا ع‬
‫زرق‬

 !
‫ا‬ 5
 Type of air
‫! ا'اء‬$F

Dry air: It is easy to cool :‫هاء ;ف‬

birds, as the vapour
emitted through panting is
‫ا‬
easily absorbed. Also the
air is still capable to carry
cool air from the cooling
pads
Humid air: It becomes
difficult to cool the birds,
as the heat loss through
panting adds more water
to the already wet air
from the cooling pads.
‫)ر‬$‫ ا‬Bُ ‫ إذ‬، ‫ر‬M‫  ا‬$. ='N‫ ا‬
.'N7 ‫ ا&'ث‬$5 P!$
=!-‫ إ>اث ا‬Q&5 ‫درًا‬1 ‫آ <ن ا'اء‬
. $‫ ا‬S4‫ و‬$5 ‫ ي‬$‫ا‬
::F‫هاء ر‬
‫ إذ‬، ‫ر‬M‫  ا‬$. :!‫  ا‬T$
 0‫ ا&'ث ا‬$5 ‫ ااري‬-‫ ا‬CU
 ً $N :VF‫ ا'اء ا‬Q‫ اء إ‬
. $‫ ا‬S4‫و‬

6
 Quality of the air
‫ ا'اء‬5

Oxygen >19.6%
Carbon dioxide < 0.3%
Carbon monoxide <10ppm
Ammonia <10ppm
*Minimum ventilation must be increased if these parameters are not being met.
Relative humidity >< 45 –65 %
Air speed across birds after 28 days >< 1.8- 2.5 m/sec
**Air velocities over 2.5 m/sec is not economically feasible and results are unproven for performance advantages. During high
humidity there may be no other way to keep the birds cool. 3.0 m/sec is the maximum level.

% 19.6 < N‫ا?وآ‬

% 0.3 > ‫ن‬7<‫ ا‬N‫* أوآ‬
‫&ن‬7 ‫ء‬0; 10 > ‫ن‬7<‫ ا‬N‫أول أوآ‬
‫&ن‬7 ‫ء‬0; 10 > ?‫ا‬
.
‫" ر  ا اد  ا إن   ه
ا‬# *
% 65 – 45 7 $N
‫ ا‬7F‫ا‬
/‫ م‬2.5 – 1.8 7 ‫ م‬28 5 !7 ‫ر‬M‫ ا‬$5 ‫ ا'اء‬54
‫ك‬6‫ ? >ن ه‬: .‫ ( اداء‬/0  12
3 456‫دً وا‬9:‫ي إ‬#
3 </‫ م‬2.5  %&‫** إن هاء )(
& أ‬
.</‫ م‬3 ‫ ه‬9:‫ ا ا‬.#% & )@‫ ر‬6&‫ر‬A‫
 ا‬1 ‫
ى‬C‫@
 أ‬

7
 AFFECTS ON INCOMING AIR TEMPERATURE
‫ اة‬Q‫= إ‬9‫ >ارة ا'اء اا‬Q&5 ‫ة‬h‫ا!ا= ا‬

It is affected not only by the outside air *;‫ارة ا'اء ا)ر‬7 i3 j.‫ >ار‬k. 6
temperature, but also the type of
outside ground cover. At 32o C air
*l‫ ا?ر‬TMN‫ ا‬i
7 ً U ‫وإ أ‬
temperature the incoming air .i‫ا)ر;* ا‬
temperatures are; ‫ ْم‬32 *;‫<ن >ارة ا'اء ا)ر‬. 
5
Grass/vegetable=32o C air temp :‫<ن‬. =9‫ن >ارة ا'اء اا‬n3
Concrete=50o C air temp ‫ ْم‬32 = ‫ر‬U9 / ‫ب‬5‫أ‬
Sand/gravel=50o C air temp
Direct sunlight on the Dog house
‫ ْم‬50 = q
4‫ا‬
‫ ْم‬50 = Q> / =‫ر‬
 $‫ ا‬S4‫ و‬3r Q&5 ‫ة‬s$ ts

8
“DOGHOUSE”
“ $‫ ا‬S4‫ و‬3r”

9
“DOGHOUSE” – New Design
 ; . -“ $‫ ا‬S4‫ و‬3r”

10
“DOGHOUSE” – New Design
 ; . -“ $‫ ا‬S4‫ و‬3r”

11
“DOGHOUSE” – New Design
 ; . -“ $‫ ا‬S4‫ و‬3r”

12
 “DOGHOUSE” – New Design
 ; . -“ $‫ ا‬S4‫ و‬3r”

Insulated roof to doghouse

13
 Influences on inside air temperature
‫= اة‬9‫ >ارة ا'اء دا‬Q&5 ‫ة‬h‫ا!ا= ا‬

Blocked flutes: dust/sand/ algae/mineral :‫ودة‬N ‫ وري ا'اء‬23


deposits /feathers .y ‫ ر‬/ ! ‫ح‬,‫ أ‬:4. / :F / =‫ ر‬/ ‫ر‬$r
Pads upside down .7&  $‫ ا‬S4‫و‬
<15 cm pad thickness
.4 15  =1‫  أ‬$‫ ا‬S4‫آ و‬4
Blocked nozzles
.‫ودة‬N ‫ت اء‬63
Clean recycling water-viscosity
Dog house insulation .C
‫و; اء ا<ر ا‬0
Incorrect pad space to fan capacity . $‫ ا‬S4‫ و‬3r ‫ل‬05
Cooling pad water temperature .‫ ااوح‬5M4‫ ا‬z $4
 r  $‫ ا‬S4‫> و‬N
Air speed… . $‫ ا‬S4‫>ارة ء و‬
.‫ ا'اء‬54

14
 Cooling pad water temperature
 $‫ ا‬S4‫>ارة ء و‬

Tanks should be underground .‫ ا?رض‬q. ‫ّات اء‬09 ‫<ن‬. ‫ أن‬:

Use of porcelain lined tanks ~‫ا‬4 ) ‫ن‬,4‫ر‬$7 &M ‫ات‬09 ‫)م‬4‫ا‬
(ceramic tiles) (
Insulated cover ‫ول‬0! ‫ء‬Mr
DO NOT PLACE THE TANK IN .*;‫ &'اء ا)ر‬l5 ‫ان‬0)‫ع ا‬. 6
THE OPEN AIR
New information says that the
incoming water can be at
outside air temperature

15
 Influence on air speed
‫ ا'اء‬54 Q&5 ‫ة‬h‫ا!ا= ا‬

Incorrect pad cooling area .EF
3 
1‫ ا‬5G‫>ن و‬

Wrong static pressure>leaks, dirt
Long house length
Leaks around door, cooling pad area,
especially when using
improvised cooling pads,
pads fans
curtains>affects the static
pressure
Loose fan belts
.‫ ا(خ‬، "
( ‫ < أآ‬H@C I>G‫ ا‬JKL
.‫
ًا‬2‫ آ‬%@ ‫
ة‬R‫ا‬
، 
1‫ ا‬5G‫ و‬A6 ، ‫ل ا)اب‬0 "
(
، ‫ة‬U
3 
1 5G‫ام و‬VG‫ ا‬6& ً FC
JKX‫ ا‬%&
<Y <
5(‫ ا‬، ‫ا
اوح‬
.I>G?‫ا‬
.‫ة‬C‫ر ا
اوح ر‬G

16
Use of baffles to increase air speed
‫ ا'اء‬54 ‫ دة‬0 SN‫)ام ا‬4‫ا‬

17
 Effective temperature
‫ة‬h‫اارة ا‬

A ctual temperature Relative humidity

‫!& اارة‬-‫ا‬ 7F‫ ا‬$N
‫ا‬ Air velocity m/sec 54 ‫ ا'اء‬/
o
C 50% 70% 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
35 50 35+ 32.2 26.6 24.4 23.3 22.2
35 70 38.3 35.5 30.5 28.8 26.1 24.4
32.2 50 32.2 26.6 24.4 22.8 21.1 20
32.2 70 35.5 32.7 28.8 27.2 25.5 23.3
29.4 50 29.4 26.6 24.4 22.8 21.1 20
29.4 70 31.6 30 27.2 25.5 24.4 23.3
26.6 50 26.6 24.4 22.2 21.1 18.9 18.3
26.6 70 28.3 26.1 24.4 23.3 20.5 19.4
23.9 50 23.9 22.8 21.1 20 17.7 16.6
23.9 70 23.9 24.4 23.3 22.2 20 18.8
21.1 50 21.1 18.9 18.3 17.7 16.6 16.1
21.1 70 23.3 20.5 19.4 18.8 18.3 17.2

18
 Maintenance
‫ا‬

Check the cooling unit weekly
Clean debris from the flutes-dust
mineral deposit and algae
Verify the nozzles are working and
that the trough above the pads
is not full of slimy material
Replace the circulating water
After long periods of no use
7 ‫)ام‬46‫م ا‬5  & F ‫ات‬3 !7‫ و‬1
carefully dust the pads to
eliminate dust
.ً 5$4‫  أ‬$‫ و>ة ا‬B3‫ا‬
‫ت‬$4‫خ وا‬4‫ ري ا'اء  ا?و‬C
.:M‫ا& وا‬
‫ق‬3 ‫ت اء و أن اى‬63 =5  ‫آ‬k.
.=>7 „& r  $‫ ا‬S4‫و‬
.‫ = اء ا<ر‬$7 1
…-
. $‫ ا‬S4‫ و‬5 ‫ر‬$†‫ا‬

19
 Reducing mineral deposits
&‫ت ا‬$4‫&= ا‬.

Run the fans until the pads are
dry after the system is turned
off for the night period.
This will leave a dry scaly dust
that should be brushed off.
Treat the water if it hard.
S4‫ و‬C. ‫ أن‬Q‫ ًة إ‬S‫‡ ااوح دا‬7‫أ‬
=;‫   أ‬$‫ء م ا‬-F‫! إ‬7  $‫ا‬
.&&‫ة ا‬-‫ا‬
 ‫ر‬1 =<s Q&5 ‫ر ;ف‬$r ~‫ك ذ‬4
.‫ة‬s-7 '‫إزا‬
.ً 41 ‫! اء إن آن‬7 1

20
 Some pictures
‫!… ار‬7

The following slides show some bad points to look

for

.‫
إ‬1?‫" ا‬# I‫ ا‬Z(‫ط ا‬6‫ر ا )\ ا‬9‫ ا‬1

21
Blocked air entry
‫ودة‬N ‫= ا'اء‬9‫ا‬

22
 Dirty pad
)4‫  و‬$. ‫دة‬4‫و‬

23
Pads blocked outside
‫ودة  ا)رج‬N  $‫ ا‬S4‫و‬

24
1m/sec. Dirty pads
)4‫  و‬$. S4‫ و‬/1

25
Poorly maintained pad
‫‰ ا‬4  $. S4‫و‬

26
AIR SPEED
‫(' ا
اء‬

27
 Effect of air speed
‫ ا'اء‬54 k.

Air speed meters / second < 0,10 0,25 0,50 1,25

/ ‫ ا'اء‬54

Cooling effect (°C) Nul 0,55 1,60 3,30

(‫ ي ) ْم‬$‫ ا‬k‫ا‬


28
 Use of circulating fans
‫ ~ ا'اء‬. ‫)ام اوح‬4‫ا‬

Exemple: 4 fans Ø 1 m20 (1 hp) per 1000 m²

z7  1000 ‫ >ن ( ـ‬1 )  1.2 M1 ‫ اوح‬4 : ‫ل‬/

29
Circulating fans
‫ ~ ا'اء‬. ‫اوح‬

30
COLD DRINKING
WATER
‫* ب ردة‬+

31
 Cool water
‫رد‬7 ‫ء‬

Birds go to sleep and wake up hot .‫ارة‬7 ‫ ًة‬5s .‫ر &

م و‬M‫ ا‬:‫ه‬2.
Dilation of the blood vessels through increase in
water uptake is one of the ways to loose
heat
Ground temperature
Flush the water lines regularly
Increase water flow rate; Nipples 150ml/min
Add ice to the water tanks
Potassium/ammonium chloride (0.5 g/l)
Potassium citrate (0.5 g/l)
Sodium bicarbonate (0.5 g/l)
Water in the dark period
>‫ك اء ه أ‬,'4‫ل ز دة ا‬,9   ‫ ا‬5‫ ا?و‬C-).
.‫  اارة‬B&)& ‫ق‬M‫ا‬
.‫>ارة ا?رض‬
.‫م‬7 8‫ ا‬:7‫!… اء  أ‬7 C 7 1
.1‫ د‬/ = 150 ‫ م ا&ت‬: 8‫‡ ا‬3. ‫ دة !ل‬07 1
.‫ات اء‬09 Q‫&‹ إ‬/‫ ا‬Cl‫أ‬
(/‫غ‬0.5) ‫م‬4 $‫ ا‬/ ‫آ&ر  ا?م‬
( /‫ غ‬0.5 ) ‫م‬4.$‫ات ا‬4
( /‫ غ‬0.5 ) ‫ت اد م‬7<7
.‫م‬,‫ة ا‬3 ‫ل‬,9 ‫م اء‬V1

32
 Light
Programmes
‫ا اءة‬

33
 “Midnight” drink
“=&‫ ا‬C
” ‫  اء‬.

Exactly in the middle of the sleeping (dark
م‬3 C
 *3
period) open the light for 1-2 hours for
the flock to drink.
! ~23 54 17 ‫ءة‬l‫ل ا‬F ‫
 <ن‬5
On 17 hours light this means 7 hours dark.
2.5 to 3 hours dark each side of the
light period birds do not notice this light
 *3 ‫ءة‬l‫!ل ا‬s‫ة إ‬3 *3F
as part of the light programme
Use in egg layers to promote eating
Open side houses: Needs careful calculation.
Carefully plan the on/off times from the first
light stimulation
‫ء‬U‫!= ا‬s‫م( إ‬,‫ة ا‬3) ً. ‫ة ا
.zM‫ <* ب ا‬54 2-1 ‫ة‬
7 *
 = ‫م >ل آ‬,Ž ‫ت‬54 3 Q‫ إ‬2.5 .‫م‬,Ž ‫ت‬54
‫ ا&= و‬C
‹7  ‫ء‬0; '‫ أ‬Q&5 ‫ة‬-‫&~ ا‬7 ‫ر‬M‫! ا‬.
.‫ءة‬l‫ا‬
.=‫ّ ا?آ‬N. *‫… آ‬$. *‫ت ا‬9-‫* ا‬3 ~‫)م ذ‬4‫ا‬
.1‫ت د‬7N> Q‫ج إ‬. : >-‫ ا‬S‫ا‬
 ‫ا‬7  ‫ ًء‬7 ‫ر‬27 ‫ء‬-F‫ت ا!= وا‬1‫ أو‬iM9
.*SU‫ا … ا‬

34
‫‪Example‬‬ ‫‪  . "  F‬اء ‪ C
 *3‬ا&= " ‪,9‬ل ‪3‬ات ا‪ tM‬ار‬

‫‪/‬ل‬ ‫‪.‬زع ا
م و اب و ا‪l‬ءة‬ ‫ا‪5N‬‬
‫ا‪5N‬‬
‫ر‪ً1‬‬

‫ء‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ء‬ ‫‪ً N‬ء‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪24:00‬‬

‫م‬ ‫‪ً N‬ء‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪23:00‬‬

‫م‬ ‫‪ً N‬ء‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪22:00‬‬

‫م‬
‫م‬ ‫م‬ ‫‪ً N‬ء‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪21:00‬‬

‫‪ً N‬ء‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪20:00‬‬

‫‪ً N‬ء‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪19:00‬‬

‫‪ً N‬ء‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪18:00‬‬

‫‪ً N‬ء‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪17:00‬‬

‫‪ً N‬ء‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪16:00‬‬

‫‪ً N‬ء‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪15:00‬‬

‫‪ً N‬ء‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪14:00‬‬

‫‪54 17‬‬
‫‪ً N‬ء‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪13:00‬‬
‫‪54 16‬‬ ‫إ‪l‬ءة‬
‫‪54 13‬‬ ‫‪54 15‬‬ ‫إ‪l‬ءة‬
‫‪ً>$‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪12:00‬‬
‫إ‪l‬ءة‬ ‫‪54 14‬‬ ‫إ‪l‬ءة‬
‫إ‪l‬ءة‬
‫‪ً>$‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪11:00‬‬

‫‪ً>$‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪10:00‬‬

‫‪ً>$‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪09:00‬‬

‫‪ً>$‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪08:00‬‬

‫‪ً>$‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪07:00‬‬

‫‪ً>$‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪06:00‬‬

‫‪ً>$‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪05:00‬‬

‫‪ً>$‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪04:00‬‬

‫م‬ ‫م‬ ‫‪ً>$‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪03:00‬‬

‫م‬ ‫م‬ ‫م‬
‫‪ً>$‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪02:00‬‬

‫ء‬ ‫‪ً>$‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪01:00‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬

FEED

‫ا‬

36
 Nutrition
 2†‫ا‬

Distribute the feed in the cool hours

.‫ردة  ا
'ر‬$‫ت ا‬5N‫* ا‬3 C&!‫ ا‬z ‫ز‬7 1
Split into two meals> allow sufficient time
to drink in the evening. *3<‫ ا‬q1‫> ا‬.‫ إ‬: <$;‫ و‬Q‫ إ‬C&!‫ ا‬N1‫إ‬
Use crumbles .‫ ًء‬N ‫&ب‬
Increase energy (100 Kcals)
Add molasses (up to 5%)
.q-‫ ا‬C&!‫)م ا‬4‫ا‬
Increase 10% methionine and lysine (‫ آ& آري‬100) 1M‫ ا‬z3‫إر‬
Increase vitamins 15-20% ( %5 Q> ) ‫س‬6‫ ا‬Cl‫أ‬
Increase 4.5 kg of sodium bicarbonate
Add 500 g/tonne vitamin C
.%10 ‫!ل‬7 N ,‫ وا‬/‫ ا‬z3‫إر‬
.%20-15 ‫!ل‬7 ‫
ت‬-‫ ا‬z3‫إر‬
.‫ت اد م‬7<7 “‫ آ‬4.5 z3‫إر‬
‫ ج‬3 F / ‫غ‬500 Cl‫أ‬

37
 Disclaimer

The performance data contained in this document was obtained

from results and experience from our own research flocks and flocks
of our customers. In no way does the data contained in this
document constitute a warranty or guarantee of the same
performance under different conditions of nutrition, density or
physical or biological environment. In particular (but without
limitation of the foregoing) we do not grant any warranties
regarding the fitness for purpose, performance, use, nature or
quality of the flocks. HUBBARD makes no representation as to the
accuracy or completeness of the information contained in this
document.

38
Thank You
  ً‫"ا‬#
$"% ‫ا‬

39