SUNNAH

Second Source of Islamic Law


literal
A clear path or an established
course of conduct/ practice
DEFINITION
technical ULAMA USUL FIQH
All that narrated from the
Prophet SAW, his acts, his A source of the Shariah and a
sayings and what ever he has legal proof next to the Quran.
tacitly approved, plus all the
reports which describe his
physical attributes and character.
 SUNNAH AND HADITH

Sunnah includes the sayings, doings and tacit

approvals of the Prophet SAW
HADITH Hadith is a narration of the sayings of the
Prophets SAW.

SUNNAH Hadith is part of Sunnah.

 LEGALITY OF
SUNNAH
Sunnah is a source of Shariah and that its rulings with regard to halal and haram is stand on
the same footing as the Quran.
1.Sura al-Hashr:7 which means: “and what ever the messenger gives you, take it and
whatever he forbids you abstain from it.”

2.al-Nisa:58-59: “ …obey God and obey the Messenger and those who are in charge of affairs among
you.
Should you happen to dispute over something, then refer it to God and to the Messenger”.

To refer the judgment of a dispute to God and to the Messenger means recourse to the Quran and
referring it to the Sunnah.
 LEGALITY OF
SUNNAH

4.The Hadith reported that the Prophet sent Muadh Ibn. Jabal as a judge to Yemen, he was
asked as to the sources on which he would rely in making decisions. In reply Muadh
referred first to the Book of Allah and then to the Sunnah of the Messenger.

5.The Prophet reported to have said: I left two things among you. You shall not go astray as
long as you hold onto them: the Book of Allah and my Sunnah.
 TYPE OF SUNNAH

Verbal (qawli)
Actual (fi’li)
Consists of the saying of the prophet on any
subject, such as: “livestock is liable to zakat”. Consists of his deeds and actual
instructions such as the way the Prophet
Livestock refers to animals such as goat, performed the salah, fasting, haj etc.
sheep, cows, buffalo and camel.
 TYPE OF SUNNAH
Tacitly approved(taqriri)

Consists of the acts and sayings of the companions which come to the
knowledge of the Prophet and of which he approved. It may be inferred from his
silence or from his express approval and verbal confirmation.

For example:

Two companions went on a journey, and when they failed to find water for
ablution, they performed prayers with tayammum(dry ablution)

Later when they found water, one of them performed the prayers again but the
other did not .

Upon their return, they related their experience to the Prophet, who is reported to
have approved both actions.
 IS SUNNAH AN
INDEPENDENT SOURCE IN
ISLAM?
Relationship between Quran and Sunnah
Sunnah consists rule that merely confirm the Quran.
The rules originate in the Quran and corroborated by the
Sunnah.

INDEPENDENT OR NOT?

Ex: the hadith : “ it is unlawful to take a property of a

Muslim without his express consent” merely confirms
the Quranic provision which orders the Muslim to“
devour not each other’s properties unlawfully unless it is
through trade by your consent” (al-Nisa’: 19)
 IS SUNNAH AN
INDEPENDENT SOURCE IN
ISLAM?
2. The Sunnah consists of an explanation / clarification to
the Quran : it may clarify the mujmal of the Qurans or
specify the general terms of the Quran.

Ex: the Quran merely declares sale to be lawful opposed

to riba(usury) which is forbidden.

The detailed rule concerning sale such as its conditions,

varieties, and sales which amount to riba is explained
by the Sunnah.

INDEPENDENT /X?
 IS SUNNAH AN
INDEPENDENT SOURCE IN
ISLAM?
The Hadith which means “The Prophet’s khuluq was
Al-Quran” means that Sunnah is not separate from the
Quran.
 CATEGORIES OF HADITH

Based on the completeness of the chain of the

transmitters(isnad) hadith can be divided into two
namely:

Continuous Hadith (Mutassil)

Discontinous Hadith (Ghairul Mutassil)

 THE CONTINUOUS HADITH
The continuous hadith is one which has a complete chain of
transmission from the last narrator all the way
back to the Prophet.

Mutawatir

Ahad
 CONTINUOUS
HADITH
MUTAWATIR
A Hadith which is reported by such a large
number of people that they cannot be expected to
agree upon a lie, all of them together.
Such possibility is impossible due to to large
number of narrators diversity of residence and
reliability.
This type of hadith is considered as the most
authentic type of hadith and is next to the Quran
in terms of authenticity.
AHAD
A Hadith, which is narrated by people whose number
does not reach that of the mutawatir. Hadith al ‘ahad
can be further divided into three types:
a Al Mashur: a Hadith reported by more than two
narrators at any stage in the isnad.
b Al ‘Aziz: a Hadith reported by only two reporters at
any stage in the isnad.
c Al Gharib: At some stage of the isnad, only one
reporter is found narrating it.
 THE DISCONTINUOUS
HADITH
The discontinued hadith is whose chain of transmitters
does not extend all the way back to the Prophet.

Mursal

Munqati'

Mu'dal
 DISCONTINUOUS
HADTH
MURSAL MU'DAL
MUNQATI'

Mursal is defined by majority as a hadith A Hadith whose reporter omits

which a successor (tabi’i) has directly A Hadith whose chain of two or more consecutive
attributed to the Prophet without narrators has a single missing reporters.
mentioning the last link (companions) who link somewhere in the middle.
might narrated from the Prophet All ulama agreed that the
. hadith are not acceptable.
Ex: when a successor says “ The Prophet
said…”
Majority said it transmitted by one who has
not met with the Prophet and yet quotes the
Prophet directly
 CATEGORIES OF HADITH

Classification of the Sunnah based on the reliability of

narrators:

Sahih

Hasan

Dhaif
 SAHIH
Characteristics

The chain of the Hadith (sanad) must be linked or

continuous

It must be transmitted by an honest and just

person.

The transmitter must have a good memory

The Hadith must not contradict other authentic

Hadith
The Hadith must be free from any hidden
defects.

Hadith Hassan
It is a hadith that falls between Sahih and Daif.
The narrators are known for truthfulness but they
did not attain the highest d gree of reliability and
prominence like the narrators of hadith Sahih
Some scholars defined Hassan as the hadith that
fulfills the conditions of Sahih, except that the
narrators have less ability in their memorization.
Hadith Daif
It is a hadith whose narrators do not possess
the qualifications required in Sahih and
Hassan.
Normally, the reasons for the weakness are
due to:
a discontinuity in isnad (chain of
transmitters)
b. its narrators is known to have a bad
memory,/his integrity and piety is uncertain
(ex: like telling lies, making excessive
mistakes etc).
Hadith Daif/weak does not constitute a Shari
proof/ hujah and rejected.
THANK YOU
ACTIVITIES
 TUTORIAL

Elaborate the concept of Examine the concept of Analyse 5 differences

Discontunue Hadith and Discontinue Hadith and its between Hadith and
its example legality Sunnah
Discuss on how belief Analyse five similarities
in Sunnah may protect between Hadith and
the dharuriyyah Sunnah
alkhamsah