n s o f

e r ati o
G e n u te r
Co m p
 Conten
1 1Introduction ts 5 Fourth Generation Computers
(1971 Onwards)

First Generation Computers 6 Fifth Generation Computers

2 2
(1946-1958) (Present and Beyond)

Second Generation
3 3
Computers (1959-1964)

Third Generation
4 4
Computers (1965-1970)
 Introduction
• We all have different generations of people in our family like :-
Children < Parents < Grandparents .

Similarly Computer also has its different generations like :-

TABLET PC
UNIVAC PC INTEL COMPUTE STICK

SMART PHONE ALL-IN-ONE COMPUTER

 What does it mean by Generations
Of Computers ?

•Generation means remarkable •The growth of computer took place in five distinct phases called
improvement in any product. So, Computer Generations.
we can say the generation of
computers means remarkable
improvement or growth and
development in computer
technology.
 FIRST GENERATIONS COMPUTERS (1946-1958)
The First Generation of Computers started in 1946. It’s makers used thousands of vacuum
tubes, which were often huge, taking up the space of the entire room.

They were very expensive, used huge amount of electricity and generated a lot of heat.

The First Generation Computers used Machine Language, which was the
lowest level programming language understood by the Computer.

Vacuum tube
 Features of First Generation Computers

• The size was very big.

• The operating speed was very low.

• They were very expensive.

• They used devices called vacuum tubes. ENIAC

• ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator)

and UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) are the
examples of First Generation Computers

UNIVAC
 Drawbacks of First Generation Computers

• They produced a lot of heat

• They were not reliable.

• They used the Machine Language which is a low level programming language
SECOND GENERATION COMPUTERS (1959-1964)
In the late 1950s, the Second Generation Computers were introduced.
Second Generation Computers used transistors in the place of vacuum tubes.
The transistors were far superior than vacuum tubes that allowed computers to become
smaller, faster , cheaper and more reliable thean the first generation computers.
The second generation computers used Assembly language instead of Machine Language. IBM 140, MARK 111
and LEO are the examples of this generation of computers.

Transistors
LEO
 Features and Drawbacks of Second Generation
Computers

• The size was smaller than the • They produced a lot of heat.
first generation computers.
• The speed was still slow.
• The operating speed was faster.
• The memory was less.
• The cost got reduced.
THIRD GENERATION COMPUTERS (1965- 1970)
• In the mid of 1960s, the development of Integrated Circuit was a major breakthrough
resulting in the introduction of the Third Generation Computers.

• The transistors were replaced by the Integrated Circuits (IC),also known as

Semiconductor Chips, which made the computer more powerful and increased the speed
and efficiency of the computers. The third generation computers could carry billions of
instructions in a few seconds. The size of these computers were so small that they could fit
into small file cabinets. Examples of third generation computers are IBM-360,ICL
1900,CDC etc.

Semiconductor Chips IBM-360

 Features of Third Generation Computers

• The size became smaller.

• They were more reliable.

• Users interacted with keyboards and monitors which

interfaced with an operating system.

• They generated less heat.

• They used High Level language like COBOL and Fortran.

 FourTH GENERATION COMPUTERS (1971 ONWARDS)
• The Fourth Generation of Computers started in 1971 and it used Microprocessor.

• The size of computer became very small as thousands of Integrated Circuits were built
onto a single silicon chip.

• These computers became more powerful and they could be linked together to form
network to form network, which led in the development of internet.

• Intel 4004, Macintosh are the examples of fourth generation computers.

microprocessor
FIFTH GENERATION COMPUTERS (PRESENT AND BEYOND)
• The Fifth Generation Computers are based on Artificial Intelligence. They
are still in Development.

• The main goal of the fifth generation is to develop the computers that can
respond to natural language and are capable of learning and taking their
own decisions, for example Robots.
Thank You
Made By Sai
Erothu