TEXT STRUCTURES

- Determining how a material

is organized.
 Organization of text

understanding main topic &

supporting points

aid in writing effective paragraphs

and essays
 1. CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER
- Often used in fiction, biography,
and autobiography
- May include flashbacks that
describe previous events and/ or
experiences
2. SPATIAL ORDER
- Used for descriptive writing
- May include left-to-right, top-to-
bottom, front-to-back, or inner-
to-outer descriptions
3. LOGICAL ORDER
- Often used in persuasive speeches and
essays
- May use patterns of logic in a number of
ways:
a. Inductive reasoning- specific or
particular facts lead to a general
conclusion.
b. Deductive reasoning- a general truth
leads to the of specific or particular
cases.
a. Cause and effect- explanation by
telling why or how something
happened. Describes how two or more
events are related or connected.
4. ANALYSIS/CLASSIFICATION
- Used for explaining , defining, and
directing
- May use the following patterns:
a. Definition- give the
meaning of an entity.
b. Static description- gives the reader
a detailed observation.
Crispness is achieved through
sensory language.
c. Process description- it gives the
readers a clear description of how
something is done.
d. Comparison and contrast
-it draws the reader’s
attention to similarities and
differences.
 Group Activity (10 min)

1. Read the excerpt and identify the

following:
a. Author’s purpose
b. Audience
2. Explain how the text was
organized.
 On April 23, 1564, William
Shakespeare was born in Stratford-on-Avon
in England. He attended a local grammar
school in town. At the age of 18 he married
Ann Hathaway. Several years later he
travelled to London. By the time he was 28
he had established his reputation by acting
and writing plays. Other than these facts,
little is known of Shakespear’s early life.