TEXT STRUCTURES
- Determining how a material
is organized.
Organization of text
understanding main topic &
supporting points
aid in writing effective paragraphs
and essays
Group Activity (10 min)
1. Read the excerpt given to your
group and identify the following:
a. Author’s purpose
b. Audience
2. Explain how the text was
organized.
On April 23, 1564, William Shakespeare
was born in Stratford-on-Avon in England.
He attended a local grammar school in town.
At the age of 18 he married Ann Hathaway.
Several years later he travelled to London.
By the time he was 28 he had established his
reputation by acting and writing plays. Other
than these facts, little is known of
Shakespear’s early life.
1. CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER
Often used in fiction, biography,
and autobiography
May include flashbacks that
describe previous events and/ or
experiences
2. SPATIAL ORDER
Used for descriptive writing
May include left-to-right, top-to-
bottom, front-to-back, or inner-
to-outer descriptions
3. LOGICAL ORDER
Often used in persuasive speeches and
essays
May use patterns of logic in a number of
ways:
a. Inductive reasoning- specific or
particular facts lead to a general conclusion.
b. Deductive reasoning- a general truth
leads to the of specific or particular
cases.
a. Cause and effect- explanation by
telling why or how something
happened. Describes how two or more
events are related or connected.
4. ANALYSIS/CLASSIFICATION
Used for explaining , defining, and
directing
May use the following patterns:
a. Definition- give the meaning
of an entity.
b. Static description- gives the reader
a detailed observation.
Crispness is achieved through
sensory language.
c. Process description- it gives the
readers a clear description of how
something is done.
d. Comparison and contrast
-it draws the reader’s
attention to similarities and
differences.
Activity
Read each paragraph
carefully and determine the
text structure.
Assignment
1.What is a thesis
statement?
2.What are the features of a
thesis statement?