MANGALDAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Mangaldan, Pangasinan
S.Y. 2021 – 2022
Senior High School Department
ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

Name: ________________________________________________ Section: _____________________________

Name of Teacher: ______________________________________ Date of Submission: __________________
Quarter No.: FIRST QUARTER Week No.: 2
WORKSHEET NO. 2

STRUCTURE OF AN ACADEMIC TEXT

A. Most Essential Learning Competency:
The learner uses knowledge of text structure to glean the information he/she needs.
(CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-Ia-c-4)

Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, students must be able to:
1. Differentiate types and patterns of written texts;
2. Identify how the information is being organized; and,
3. Create a paragraph using various text structures learned.

Why is it necessary to know details and arrangement of information when reading a text?

Text structure refers to how the information within a written text is organized. Details in each part
must be well – arranged just like a human body with three basic parts – the head, the body, and
the conclusion.

Patterns of Paragraph Development

A. Narration
This sort of paragraph requires chronological ordering. Using transitional words and phrases that
signal time are highly recommended. It is like telling a story.

B. Description
In this paragraph, you convey how something sounds, smells, tastes, feels, and/or looks. Using
transitional words and phrases that indicate location are often recommended.

C. Definition
A paragraph demonstrating this technique will include a definition of the term, the class to which
it belongs, and the details that differentiate it from other members of its class.

D. Exemplification / classification
This paragraph uses specific illustrations to clarify a general statement. Using transitional words
and phrases that signals examples are often used.

E. Comparison and contrast

A paragraph that demonstrates comparison and/ or contrast examines how given subjects are
either similar or different. Comparison examines how the subjects are the same. Contrast
examines how the subjects are different.
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F. Cause and effect
When you use this technique, you are exploring why events occur and what happens because
of them.

G. Problem-solution
This pattern presents the readers with a problem (cause) and some facts or reason why it is a
problem.

H. Persuasion
This sort of paragraph requires convincing the readers that the opinion of the writer on a subject
is the right one. Considering the type of audience and the kind of evidence
your audience would likely respond to are helpful.

WRITTEN WORK

Activity 1: Read and analyze the following paragraphs carefully. Identify what pattern of
paragraph development is being used.

___________ 1. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is defined as illness caused by a novel

coronavirus now called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2;
formerly called 2019-nCoV), which was first identified amid an outbreak of respiratory illness
cases in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China.

___________ 2. The earthquake and subsequent tsunami that struck northeastern Japan on
March 11 was perhaps the most widely recorded natural disaster in human history. Images
of the combined destructive effects, from the nuclear-power plant crisis to devastated
coastal cities, have reached hundreds of millions of people via internet, television and print
media. News reportage, while often sensational and at times deleterious to public calm,
adequately covered the humanitarian crisis that quickly unfolded and that persists today in
altered manifestations, such as widespread post-traumatic stress syndrome.

___________ 3. Physical distancing and staying at home are the key to slowing the spread of
2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) to give physicians, nurses and everyone on the front lines
a fighting chance at having the equipment, time and resources necessary to take on this
immense challenge. Those contracting COVID-19 are your family, friends, and loved ones.

That’s why we’re urging the public to #StayHome as we reach the critical stages of our
national response to COVID-19. Of course, those with urgent medical needs, including
pregnant women, should seek care as needed. Everyone else should #StayHome

___________ 4. Divorce is a complex issue with more than one cause. Lack of communication
is one of the leading causes of divorce. You cannot have an effective relationship if either
one of you won’t discuss your feelings, can’t talk about your mutual or personal issues... To
sum up, lack of communication, financial problems and bad habits are major causes of the
divorce.

___________ 5. Air pollution causes damage to crop, animals, forests, and bodies of water. It
also contributes to the depletion of the ozone layer, which protects the Earth from the sun's
UV rays. The most basic solution for air pollution is to move away from fossil fuels, replacing
them with alternative energies like solar, wind and geothermal. Producing clean energy is
crucial. But equally important is to reduce our consumption of energy by adopting
responsible habits and using more efficient devices.
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___________ 6. Classroom Learning involves physical interactions with a teacher and peers,
while online learning transfers this component to a virtual environment. So, while there is
human interaction, it happens online via virtual lectures, virtual discussions, face-to-face
video workshops etc.

___________ 7. She had a sculpted figure which was twine-thin. Her waist was tapered, and
she had a burnished complexion. A pair of arched eyebrows looked down on sweeping
eyelashes. Her delicate ears framed a button nose. A set of dazzling, angel-white teeth
gleamed as she blew gently on her carmine-red fingernails. It was a pleasure to see her
flowing, moon shadow-black hair. Her enticing, constellation-blue eyes gazed at me over
her puffy, heart shaped lips. Her lips tasted strawberry sweet when I kissed her. She had a
bouncy personality and a sugary voice, which I adored. Not content to be just another
drone, she wore vibrant clothes.

Activity 2: Read the following statements carefully. Write the LETTER of your answer on your
answer sheet.
8. A method of organization in which actions / events are presented as they occur in time
refers to __________.
A. Narration C. Cause and Effect
B. Persuasion D. Problem and Solution

9. A structure that states reasons why things happen or explains the result of a certain
phenomenon.
A. Narration C. Cause and Effect
B. Persuasion D. Problem and Solution

10. When you describe your most unforgettable teacher, you are writing ___________.
A. Compare and Contrast C. Problem and Solution
B. Cause and Effect D. Description

11. What writing strategy are you going to urge public to stay home during this pandemic?
A. Narration C. Cause and Effect
B. Persuasion D. Problem and Solution

12. What writing strategy are you going to use when you want to explain and further
elaborate a term?
A. Persuasion C. Definition
B. Problem and Solution D. Description

13. When you provide examples and illustration, you are writing ___
A. Exemplification C. Problem – Solution
B. Comparison and Contrast D. Cause and Effect

14. What paragraph are you writing when you give reasons about a problem and ways of
solving it?
A. Exemplification C. Problem – Solution
B. Comparison and Contrast D. Cause and Effect

15. It is a structure that provides similarities and differences of 2 or more ideas.

A. Exemplification C. Problem – Solution
B. Comparison and Contrast D. Cause and Effect

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 PERFORMANCE TASK

ACTIVITY 1: Create a two well-written paragraph (about anything) employing each

paragraph one text structure of your choice. Your essay will be rated according to the scoring
rubric provided below. Consequently, use this rubric as a guide when writing your essay and
check it again before you submit your essay. (50 points)

TRAITS 10 9-7 6-4 3-1

There is one clear, well- focused topic.
Main ideas are clear and are well
Focus & Details supported by detailed and accurate
information.
The introduction is inviting, states the
main topic, and provides an overview
Organization of the paper. Information is relevant
and presented in a logical order. The
conclusion is strong.
The author’s purpose of writing is very
clear, and there is strong evidence of
attention to audience. The author’s
Voice extensive knowledge and/or
experience with the topic is/are
evident.
The author uses vivid words and
phrases. The choice and placement of
Word Choice words seems accurate, natural, and
not forced.
Sentence All sentences are well constructed and
have varied structure and length. The
Structure, author makes no errors in grammar,
Grammar, mechanics, and/or spelling.
Mechanics, &
Spelling
There is one clear, well-focused
topic. Main ideas are clear but
are not well supported by
detailed information.
The introduction states the main
topic and provides an overview
of the paper. A conclusion is
included.
The author’s purpose of writing
is somewhat clear, and there is
some evidence of attention to
audience. The author’s
knowledge and/or experience
with the topic is/are evident.
The author uses vivid words and
phrases. The choice and
placement of words is
inaccurate at times and/or
seems overdone.
Most sentences are well-
constructed and have varied
structure and length. The author
makes a few errors in grammar,
mechanics, and/or spelling, but
they do not interfere with
understanding.
There is one topic. Main ideas
are somewhat clear.
The introduction states the main
topic. A conclusion is included.
The author’s purpose of writing
is somewhat clear, and there is
evidence of attention to
audience. The author’s
knowledge and/or experience
with the topic is/are limited.
The author uses words that
communicate clearly, but the
writing lacks variety.
Most sentences are well
constructed, but they have a
similar structure and/or length.
The author makes several errors
in grammar, mechanics, and/or
spelling that interfere with
understanding.
The topic and main ideas are
not clear.
There is no clear introduction,
structure, or conclusion.
The author’s purpose of writing
is unclear.
The writer uses a limited
vocabulary. Jargon or clichés
may be present and detract
from the meaning.
Sentences sound awkward, are
distractingly repetitive, or are
difficult to understand. The
author makes numerous errors in
grammar, mechanics, and/or
spelling that interfere with
understanding.

REMINDERS

Please avoid erasures and write legibly. You may text, pm, or e-mail your subject teacher if you
have further questions or clarifications about the lesson.

REFERENCES
Tandoc, S. D., (2016) Applied English for Academic and Professional Purposes (pp. 2-6). Manila: Mindshapers Co., Inc.
Dayagbil, F.T. et.al. (2016) Critical Reading and Writing for Senior High School (pp. 33-63). Quezon City, Manila: Lorimar
Publishing Inc.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-esc-wm-englishcomposition1/chapter/text-rhetorical-modes/
https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/paragraphs/paragraph-development-examples/

COMPARSION AND CONTRATS 7. DESCIPTION 8. A 9. C 10. D 11.B 12. C 13.A 14.C 15. B
ANSWER KEY 1. DEFINITON 2. NARRATION 3. PERSUASION 4. CAUSE AND EFFECT 5. PROBLEM AND SOLUTION 6.

Prepared by:

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL EAPP TEACHERS

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