TOPIC:

ABBASIDS
DYNASTY
 OBJECTIVE:
STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO ….
ANALYZE THE ABBASIDS ACHIEVEMENTS
IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE,ART AND
ARCHITECTURE WITH
REFERENCE TO THE MODERN WORLD.
CAPITAL;BAGHDAD
CURRENCY;DINAR
BRAINSTORMING QUESTIONS:

 NAME THE FIRST DYNASTY IN ISLAM.

 WHO WAS THE FOUNDER OF THE UMAYYAD DYNASY?
 IN WHICH BATTLE UMAYYAD,S WERE DEFEATED?
 WHERE IS THE CITY BAGHDAD LOCATED.
 NAME THE CURRENCY YOU HAVE SEEN IN PICTURES.
 NAME THE GREAT MASJID BUILD BY ABBASIDS.
 ABBASID CALIPHATE
 THEABBASID CALIPHATE WAS THE THIRD CALIPHATE TO SUCCEED THE
ISLAMIC PROPHET MUHAMMAD. IT WAS FOUNDED BY A DYNASTY
DESCENDED FROM MUHAMMAD'S UNCLE, ABBAS IBN ABDUL-MUTTALIB,
FROM WHOM THE DYNASTY TAKES ITS NAME.
 GOVERNMENT: CALIPHATE
 STATUS: EARLY ABBASID ERA; (750–861); MIDDLE ABBASID ERA; (861–
936); LATER ABBASID ERA; (936–1258)
 DISESTABLISHED: 1517
 COMMON LANGUAGES: CLASSICAL ARABIC (CENTRAL
ADMINISTRATION); VARIOUS REGIONAL LANGUAGES

 Continued:

CURRENCY: DINAR (GOLD COIN); DIRHAM (SILVER COIN);

FALS(COPPER COIN)
CAPITALS: KUFA, BAGHDAD in 762
 CALIPHS:36
 PROMINENT RULERS: ABU JAFFER MANSUR,HAROON UL
RASHEED ,MAMOON UL RASHEED
 CAPITAL:BAGHDAD
BAGHDAD WAS A WELL PLANNED CITY DESIGNED IN
A CIRCULAR SHAPE.IT HAD A BEAUTIFUL MOSQUE IN
THE MIDDLE AND HAD HIGH WALL ALL AROUND THE
CITY TO PROTECT IT FROM INVADERS.AT THAT
TIME ,BAGHDAD WAS CONSIDERED THE CENTRE OF
LEARNING FOR THE ENTIRE ISLAMIC WORLD.
 THE GOLDEN AGE OF THE
MUSLIMS
THE GOLDEN AGE OF THE MUSLIMS WAS A
PERIOD OF GREAT ACHIEVEMENTS IN ALL
FIELDS OF LIFE.THE PERIOD LASTED BETWEEN
THE 8 CENTURY AND THE 14 CENTURY
TH TH

DURING THE ABBASIDS RULE.

 BAIT UL HIKMAH (HOUSE OF WISDOM)
 FOUNDER: ABU JAFAR MANSUR
 OLD NAME: DAR UL TARAJAM
 NEW NAME: BAIT UL HIKMAH ,CHANGED BY HAROON UL RASHEED
 PURPOSE: TO TRANSLATE GREEK,PERSIAN,ROMAN KNOWLEDGE INTO
ARABIC.
 ARABICDICTIONARY: KHALIL IBNE AHMED BASRI COMPILED THE FIRST
ARABIC
DICTIONARY.
 LIBRARY
THE ABBASIDS WERE FOND OF BOOKS,LIBRARIES
WERE BUILT ALMOST EVERYWHERE.
LIBRARIES WERE ALSO ATTATCHED WITH MASAJIDS
.
MOST OF THE LIBRARIES WERE OPEN FOR PUBLIC.
 HISTORY ANB BIOGRAPHY:
 WRITING OF THE HISTORICAKL EVENTYS AND BIOGRAPHY WERE FLOURISHED IN THE
ABBASIDS PERIOD.
 IBNE KHALDUN
A FAMOUS HISTORIOGRAPHER ,KNOWN AS THE FATHER OF HISTORIOGRAPHY.

FAMOUS BOOK: THE MUQADDIMAH WRITTEN IN 1377 BY HIM.

HE WAS THE PIONEER WHO WAS DISCOVERED THAT HISTORY LIKE ANY OTHER
SCIENCE,REQUIRED RESEARCH.
 MATHEMATICS
 THEARABS MADE GREAT CONTRIBUTIONS IN MATHEMATICS
ALSO.
AL KHWARIZMI
KNOWN AS THE FATHER OF ALGEBRA
ARABIC NUMERALS AND CONCEPT OF ZERO WAS ALSO
DISCOVERED BY HIM.
 PHILOSOPHY
 THEGREATEST MUSLIM PHILOSOPHERS OF THOSE TIMES INCLUDED AL –
KINDI,AL-FARABI AND IBNE SINA.
 THEIR
MAIN P[URPOSE WAS TO RECONCILE THE IDEOLOGY OF ISLAM,AS
EXEMPLIFIED IN QURAN.IT WAS THROUGH PHILOSOPHY THAT THEY
UNDERSTOOD THE FOLLOWING:
THE KNOWLEDGE OF THINGS
THE KNOWLEDGE OF PEOPLE
THE SCIENCE OF REASONING
 ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE
 INSPIRATION : FIRSTLY BY ISLAM –SECONDLY BY GREEKS AND PERSIANS.

IBNE AL HAYTHAM
FATHER OF OPTICS (STUDY OF EYES)
BOOK :KITAB AL MANAZAR

AL RAZI
HE WROTE ABOUT TWO HUNDRED BOOKS OM MEDICINE.

IBN SINA
HE WROTE A BOOK AL QANUNFI’TIBB(CANNON OF MEDICINE)
 CONTINUED;
 BIMARISTAN:

FIRST HOSPITAL SET UP BY HARUN UL RASHEED IN

BAGHDAD.34 HOSPITALS WERE SET UP DURING ABBASIDS RULE.
AL-CHEMY
THE ARABS WERE THE ORIGINATORS OF THE MODERN SCIENCE
OF CHEMISTRY WHICH THEY CALLED AL KIMIYA.THE FIRST
GREAT ALCHEMIST WAS JABIR IBN HAYYAN WHO DISCOVERED
SEVERAL CHEMICAL COMPONRNTS,HE WROTE MANY BOOKS ON
CHEMISTRY .
 GEOGRAPHY
 GREAT PROGRESS WAS MADE BY THE MUSLIMS IN GEOGRAPHY DURING THIS
PERIOD.
 THEIR BOOKS WERE RICH IN GEOGRAPHICAL AND HISTORICAL INFORMATION.
 THE ASTROLABE WAS INVENTED BY THE ABBASIDS.
 FAMOUS TRAVELLERS AND GEOGRAPHERS:
IBNE WAZIH AL YAQUBI
HE WAS KNOWN AS THE FATHER OF THE MUSLIM GEOGRAPHY.HE WROTE
‘KITAB AL BULDAN(BOOK OF COUNTRIES)
M BIN MUSA AL KHWARIZIMI
HE WROTE A BOOK SURAT UL ARZ (THE SHAPE OF THE EARTH) .HE WAS ALSO A
FAMOUS MATHEMATICIAN.
 ASTRONOMY
ARAB MUSLIMS MADE GREAT PROGRESS IN THE SCIENCE
OF ASTRONOMY.THEY MADE MANY DISCOVERIES IN
ASTRONOMY .
OBSERVATORIES WERE ALSO SET UP.THE FIRST
OBSERVATORY WAS CALLED RASD ,WAS ESTABLISHED BY
AL MAMUN IN BAGHDAD.
THE INSTRUMENTS INVENTED DURING THAT TIME WERE
THE ASTROLABE,QUADRANT,DIAL AND GLOBE.
 REASONS FOR THE DECLINE OF THE
GREAT ABBASIDS CALIPHATE:
 INEFFICIENCY OF THE CENTRAL GOVRNMENT
 WEAKEND GOVERNMENT SYSTEM AND CIVIL WAR
 HEAVY TAXATIONS AND DECLINE OF ECONOMIC AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
 HALAKU KHAN INVASION ON BAGHDAD
THEY BURNED AND DESTROYED ALL FAMOUS BUILDINGS,LEARNING INSTITUTIONS,FORTS
,GARDENS AND LIBRARIES.BAGHDAD WAS KNOWN FOR ITS GRANDUER BUT NOW IT WAS
COMPLETELY RUINED BY HALAKU KHAN.

THE LAST CALIPH AL-MUSTAHSIM WASASSASSINATED IN 1258,AND ABBASIDS

CALIPHATE WAS ENDED.
 ACTIVITY
MAKE A TIMELINE OF THE FIRST TEN CALIPHS OF
THE ABBASIDS DYNASTY ON A COMPUTER PAPER.
 HOME ASSIGNMENT:
DO QUESTIONS 1,2,3,4
ALSO COLLECT PICTURES OF ART AND
ARCHITECTURE OF THE ABBASIDS
PERIOD AND MAKE A BOOKLET.