BVS PARSI

HIGH SCHOOL

GOLDEN AGE OF ISLAM,

MUSLIM INVENTIONS AND
SUCESS IN SCIENCE
 WHAT IS GOLDEN AGE?
A golden age is a period in a field of endeavor when great
tasks were accomplished. A society's Golden Age marks
that period in its history having a heightened output of art,
science, literature, and philosophy

ISLAMIC GOLDEN AGE

It was a moment in history when the
Islamic civilization opened its doors
to new ideas from the East and from
the West. The confident Muslims took
these ideas and remolded them in a
uniquely Islamic mold. Out of this ca-
ldron came Islamic art, architecture, astronomy, chemistry,
mathematics, medicine, music, philosophy and ethics. This
was called Golden age of Islam which was between 8th to
14th Century

ABBASID CALIPHATE
The Abbasid Caliphate (750-1517)
was the third caliphate to succeed
the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It
was founded by a dynasty
descended from Muhammad's uncle,
Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib from
whom the dynasty takes its name. They ruled as caliphs for
most of the caliphate from their capital in Baghdad in
modern-day Iraq. The Abbasid Caliphate first centered its
government in Kufa, modern-day Iraq, but in 762 the
caliph Al-Mansur founded the city of Baghdad, near the
ancient Babylonian capital city of Babylon. Baghdad
became a center of science, culture, philosophy and
invention in what became known as the Golden Age of
Islam.

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ROLE OF HARUN AL RASHID IN THIS
Harun Al Rashid was the leader of Abbasid caliphate in
8th century which marks the Golden age of Islam. He
introduced a vast door of success towards Islam. His
notable contributions are:
1. Modifying the city Baghdad which was the base of
Islam and knowledge in the world
2. Building a Huge Library called House of Wisdom. It
was home to the Knowledge present in whole world
and produced many notable Muslim personalities.
Not only him, but his son Mamun Al Rashid also worked a
lot.

BAGHDAD
From its founding in 762 as
The City of Peace, Baghdad
thrived as the political,
cultural, religious, and
commercial center of the
Muslim empire. Abbasid
caliphs ruled over diverse populations from there. At its
House of Wisdom, scholars from across the empire
translated into Arabic, synthesized and advanced the
fragmented literary and scientific knowledge of ancient
Greece, Persia, and India.

HOUSE OF WISDOM
It was the grand library in Baghdad
which was home to almost every
book at that time. It was a place to
study, research for the scholars.
Many English, other languages books
were translated to Arabic and Persian there. Many known
muslim scholars were produced from there.

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CAUSES OF THIS SUCESS
This all success was gained by some strict
discipline, education and laws or rules and
regulations. But most importantly was the
proper implementation of Islamic rules
and laws by the Holy Prophet. This thing
shows us the importance of Islamic rules,
discipline and uprising of Law. By following these simple
steps, the community will uprise like Abbasids.

IMPORTANCE OF THIS SUCESS

This success was a salient milestone for muslims and the
world too. The inventions done at that time were very
important nowadays. The research and science studied at
that time is also very important. By this the muslims also
got the superiority in the world. And many people from
the worls camre there to study.It was like it was the home
of Knowledge. The House of wisdom also can be seen as an
important figure in the state of knowledge and many
scholars invented many things due to that place's study.

ACHIVEMENTS IN FIELD OF
SCIENCE
The golden age had a great influence in sciences. Many
notable scientists were produced and many theories were
proven in the field of physics, chemistry and biology. Many
solutions were found due to that like medicines optics etc.
Astronomy was also expanded and many things were
introduced.

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 MUSLIM INVENTIONS
paper that wouldn’t burn
ink which glowed in the dark
mixture that when applied to iron halted rusting
basic laboratory equipment
algebra
many medicines
geometry
tooth brush
windmills
astrolabe
oud (musical instrument)
magnifying glasses
paper mills
surgery
flying machine
university
optics
And there were many more inventions but these were the
main

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 NOTABLE PERSONALITIES
AND THEIR WORK

1- AL-RAZI
considered the greatest physician of the
Islamic world or the ‘doctor’s doctor’, al-
Razi was a celebrated alchemist, being the
first to classify minerals into 6 categories
and discovered chemicals such kerosene
and alcohol. Al-Razi wrote over 200
books; half of them being medial books. His book, Kitab al-
Mansouri, is amongst the most influential medical books of
the medieval ages

2. IBN AL-HAYTHAM
also called Alhazen in Latin and the ‘father
of optics’, Ibn al-Haythm was a
mathematician, physicist, and astronomer
best known for his work in the field of
optics, particularly visual perception. His
book, Kitāb al-Manāẓir, proved that vision
first bounces of an object before being directed to the eyes
through various experiments. While conducting these
experiments, heinvented the world’s firstcamera, the
pinhole camera. Al-Haytham’s work led to the
development of eyeglasses, microscopes, and telescopes

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3. AL-KHWARIZMI
named the ‘father of algebra’, being the
mathematician who introduced the world
to the concept of algebra. As he worked in
the House of Wisdom, he published his
renowned book, Al-Kitāb al-mukhtaṣar fī
ḥisāb al-jabrwal-muqābala, from which the
term ‘algebra’ was derived (al-jabr). Furthermore, he
introduced the Hindu-Arabic numbers

4. AL-ZAHRAWI
was as a surgeon, physician, and a chemist,
considered to be the best surgeon of the
middle ages or the ‘father of modern
surgery’. His celebratedwork, Kitab al-
Tasrif, is a thirty-volume medical
encyclopedia based on the operations he
performed. This book became a standard
textbook in Europe for over 500 years. In addition, he
introduced over 200 surgical instruments which have
shaped the tools used in surgery today and emphasized the
importance of a positive doctor-patient bond

5. AL-BATTANI
nicknamed the ‘Ptolemyof Arabs’, Al-Battani
was a mathematician, astronomer, and
astrologer who introduced several
trigonometric relations (sine, cosine, and
tangent), and his book, Kitāb az-Zīj, greatly
included the astronomy known today ("Al-
Battani"). Al-Battani cataloged 489 starts and calculated a
year to be 365 days, 5 hours, 46 minutes and 24 seconds;
being only two minutes and 22 seconds off (99% accuracy)

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