ANALYSIS OF

VARIANCE
(ANOVA)
Advanced Statistics
ANOVA
It is a comparison test used
to determine the significant
difference among normal
population means.
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ANOVA
The comparison in means of
three or more populations, which
follow normal distributions, can
be taken simultaneously in just
one application of this test.
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ANOVA

Two different estimates of

the population variance are
made.

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ANOVA
The first estimate is called the
between-group variance. It
involves computing the variance
by using the means of the groups
or between the groups.
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ANOVA
The second estimate, the within-
group variance, is made by
computing the variances using all
the data. It is not affected by
differences in the means.
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ANOVA
This test is therefore a
generalization of the z and t tests
of two normal population means.
This test was developed by Sir
Ronald A. Fisher. It also called
the F-test.
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Assumptions in the use of
ANOVA
 The various groups are assumed
to be with normal populations.
 The variance of the different
groups is assumed to be equal.
 The random samples in the groups
should be independent.

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ANOVA
The value of the test statistic F for an
ANOVA test is calculated as

= Mean Sum of Squares Between

= Mean Sum of Squares Within

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ANOVA FORMULAS:
Total Sum of Squares (TSS)

TSS = total sum of each entry

X = value of each entry
N = total number of items or entry

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ANOVA FORMULAS:

Sum of Squares Between-Column()

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ANOVA FORMULAS:

Sum of Squares Within-

Column()

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ANOVA FORMULAS:

Mean Sum of Squares Between ()

= no. of columns - 1

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ANOVA FORMULAS:

Mean Sum of Squares Within ()

= (row*column) - c

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 ANOVA TABLE
Source of Sum of Degrees of Mean Sum F-test
Variation Squares Freedom of Squares Statistic
no. of columns -
Between 1
Column
(no of rows*no
Within of columns) –
Column no of columns

Total n-1

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ACTIVITY:
Consider the following data obtained
from two samples selected at random
from two populations that are
independent and normally distributed
with equal variances. Construct an
ANOVA table.

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ACTIVITY:
SAMPLE 1 SAMPLE 2
32 27
26 37
31 33
29 36
27 38
34 31

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ACTIVITY:
DIET A DIET B DIET C
10.5 11.5 9.8
10.9 10.9 10.5
10.7 11.8 10.4
10.3 11.8 10.5

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