LESSON 6-A

ADOLESCENCE
CA L D EV E L O PM EN T
PHYSI
OBJECTIVES

1. describe the physical and sexual changes accompanying

puberty
2. identify the factors affecting physical development
3. describe the behavior and attitudes of adolescent physical
development
4. craft a profile on the needs and characteristics of adolescence
during physical development
 ACTIVITY
Make a collage through chain of events of your real life experiences from the start of your puberty
stage in terms of: a) Physical change (what you observed); b) Emotional reaction on menarche for girls and
wet dreams for boys (low self esteem, happy, conscious, looking good, attractive); c) Parental relationship (as
teenager you want privacy, independence).

Note: Make a story out of the collage you have created. Put a caption in every picture of events.

Puberty Stage
(Physical/
4th major
Change physical
Parental relationship) change
3rd major
physical
change
2nd major
Physical
First major
change
Physical change
observed
ANALYSIS
1. Based on the experiences you wrote, what do you think
are the common physical changes for female and for
male?
_______________________________________________
_____________________________________________
2. Did you encountered parental difficulties during your
puberty age?
__________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Defining Adolescence
- Adolescence is a transformative period that involves
profound physical, psychological, emotional, and social
growth.
- This period begins at around age 10 and ends around
age 21. Biologically, adolescence is marked by the
onset of puberty.
- Cognitively - adolescence is characterized by
improvement in abstract thinking, knowledge and in
logical reasoning.
- Socially - adolescence is a period of preparation for
culturally adequate social adult roles such as being a
worker or a romantic partner.
- This stage is described as dramatic "changing" phase to
include an "identity crisis", "normal to be abnormal",
"a normative psychosis", etc.
Three stages of Adolescence:
1) Early adolescence - first stage that occurs from ages
10 to 14 among girls while 12-16 among boys were
puberty begins
2) Middle adolescence - characterized by identity crises
ages 14 to 16 years
3) Late adolescence - preparation for a major transition to
adulthood at ages 17 to 21.
 Approximately 10 to 13 years of age

Early Adolescence
 Onset of puberty, rapid growth spurt in height and weight
 Girls – breast and hips development, onset of menstruation
 Boys: growth in testicles and penis, wet dreams, deepening of voice

Parents usually have the most influence on their children in this stage.

Approximately 14 to 17 years of age

 Physical changes from puberty continue during middle adolescence

Middle Adolescence but slows for girls and continues for boys
 puberty-related changes continue
 teens become interested in romantic and sexual relationships. They may
question and explore their sexual identity―which may be stressful if they
do not have support from peers, family, or community.
 Approximately 18 to 21 years of age
Late Adolescence  Young women, fully developed
 Young men continue to gain height, weight, muscle mass and body

Puberty
- is associated with a series of physical stages and the
development of secondary sex characteristics and rapid
growth.
- the period in which growing boys and girls undergo the
process of sexual maturation.
- Hormone flooding – causes an acceleration known as growth
spurts
- These series of biological or physical transformations have
an effect on the psychosocial and emotional development
of the adolescent.
- Girls, menarche (first menstrual cycle) signals the
beginning of puberty
- Boys, spermache (development of sperm in the testicles)
signals the first sign of puberty and sexual maturity in the
boys
- Hormonal change, nutritional and other environmental
influences are the responsible for this change.
Factors affecting development
Hormones are chemical substances produced by endocrine glands carried in
the blood to organs and tissues, where it influences function, structure, and
behavior that created a tremendous effect on bodily processes.
- When body reaches a certain age, the brain releases a special hormone
called gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH).
- Gonadotropin stimulates Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary gland.
- FSH and LH act on the gonads (ovaries/testicles) to arouse the synthesis
and releases the sex hormones (estrogen/progesterone in female ovary and
testosterone in the male sex organ)
- Female Two sex hormones responsible for reproductive
and sexual development.
- Estrogen - the major hormone plays a big role in
puberty, menstruation, pregnancy and menopausal
- Progesterone is produce after ovulation to prepare the
lining of the uterus to fertilize egg, and support
pregnancy.
- Male, testosterone stimulates the male characteristics
responsible for sexual desire and stimulates sperm
production.
 Secular Trend
- refers to the average age of puberty decreasing over time.
- between 1800 and mid 1900, the average age at menarche
decreased from 15 – 17 years to about 13 to 13.5 years old
- Recent studies showed that between year 1983 to 2000 the
mean age of onset of breast development between 10.7 and
11.2 years old . and the mean age of menarche is between 12.0
and 12.6 years
- mean age at thelarche, the onset of breast development, was
9.4 year old. When this happens before the age of 8 or 9 years
old (for girls) and age 10 (for boys), it is labelled precocious
puberty, or early puberty
Factors responsible for the secular trend toward an earlier
puberty:
1. Genetic factors (5 percent of boys and 1 percent of girls
have inherited the condition)
2. Environment
According to a study published in 2017, early onset of
puberty maybe due to insulin and insulin resistance, which is
associated with higher levels of estrogen, inflammatory
reactions that cause the body to produce more androgens,
or increased levels of leptin that interact with hormonal
levels.
- The secular trend manifests in the living conditions and also
highlights any imbalance in health and nutritional condition,
and infectious diseases.
- Secular phenomenon of declining age of menarche in
developed nations maybe due to sedentary (inactive)
lifestyle.
Gender and sexual Identity
- Developmental psychologists Erikson (1968) explained that
adolescence serves as an important period for the
formation of a personal identity. Erik Erikson's 5th stage of
psychosocial development theory is identity vs. role
confusion states that adolescents search for a sense of self
and personal identity through an intense exploration of
personal values, beliefs, and goals.
- This is a major stage of development where the child has
to learn the roles they will occupy as an adult and re-
examine their identity to find out exactly who he or she is.
- Adolescence is a time of finding out about oneself, about
attraction, and about life choices.
- Gender is highly important to develop social roles and
relationship roles.
- If one becomes confused, problems may arise, such as
failing to the next stage of Erikson's theory, intimacy vs.
isolation.
- One of the first stages of gender development in
adolescence is establishing gender identity, or what it
means to be part of each gender.
- Gender identity is a term used to describe feeling like a boy
or like a girl.
- A child knows if he or she is a boy or a girl by the age of 1 year.
- By 4 years, a child understands differences between boys and
girls.
- A child's sex refers to being born as a boy or as a girl.
- Gender refers to how society expects boys and girls to act and
appear. For example, girls may be expected to wear dresses
and play with dolls. Boys may be expected to play more
roughly, or with toy trucks. Your child may be born as one sex
but feel more like the other sex.
- Sexual Identity is an individual’s sense of self as a
sexual being, including gender identity, gender role,
sexual orientation and sexual self-concept.
- Sexual identity may also refer to the language and
labels people use to define themselves.
- Development of sexual identity is a critical part of
adolescence.
Gender ….is who
weBiologic
are gender
Brain, hormones, body parts assigning male/female sex,
usually at birth
Biologic Gender

Gender identity
Person’s basic sense of being male or female, especially as
experienced in self-awareness and behaviour
One's gender identity can be the same or different from
Gender Identity
their sex assigned at birth. Gender

Gender expression
Ways in which person expressed
Gender Expression
through behavior, clothing, haircut
and which may or may not
conform to socially defined
behaviors and characteristics
typically associated with being
either masculine or feminine.
Sexuality … is how we feel

Biological sex refers to physical

Biological sex
characteristics such as external genitals, sex
chromosomes, sex hormones and internal
reproductive systems that inform whether a
person is male, female, or intersex.

Sexual orientation describes a person's enduring Sexual orientation

physical, romantic, and/or emotional attraction Sexuality
to another person (for example: straight, gay,
lesbian, bisexual).

Sexual Identity based on your feelings, attractions, Sexual identity

and desires.
Care and support through these physical changes
The obvious changes in the body can affect how adolescents and
peers of both sexes view and treat young people. To meet the physical
development of adolescent children, the parents make special efforts to
understand adolescence by highlighting teen’s positive traits and
strengths to gain a healthy sense of body image.
Many parents have a hard time accepting that their child is gay,
lesbian, bisexual, or transgender. Even if you are struggling, remember
that it is important to show unconditional love to your child. In this time
of rapid and uneven physical changes, most important role of parents is
to remain steady unconditionally present and accepting their child just as
they are. The following guidelines may help parents:
 The following guidelines may help parents:
 Give your children with undivided attention
 Listen calmly
 Speak to them courteously and pleasantly
 Understand your children's feelings
 Encourage your children to "test" new ideas
 Help your children build self-confidence
 Be non-judgemental to their opinion
 Nutrition and Activity

Adolescents may be ready to make decisions about their body and

health. Making healthy decisions about what to eat and drink, how active
they are, and how much sleep to get are important decisions that can either
promote or hinder health. Adolescents need to be taught how to make
healthy eating choices. Aside from eating healthy foods, adolescence needs
nutritional vitamins such as:
 Calcium - to build strong bones and teeth.
 Vitamin D - to keep bones healthy.
 Potassium - to help lower blood pressure.
 Fiber - to help stay regular and feel full.
 Protein - to give you energy and help you grow strong.
 Iron - to help you grow.
- Physical activity should be part of teenagers’ daily
life, whether they play sports, take physical
education (PE) classes in school, do chores, or get
around by biking or walking.
- Regular physical activity can help teenagers manage
their weight, have stronger muscles and bones, and
be more flexible.
APPLICATION
E-Big Book Making:

Follow the instructions below to make a big book for physical development of adolescence
on the identified topic above.

Write your real life experiences story during your transition phase of adolescence stages
of physical development. Write the story with simple sentences.
Put text and pictures in every slide – pictures with caption and matching text
Make a table of content and be sure that the you have the slides correctly ordered.
Include an inside title page.
THANK YOU!!!