SCHOOL HEALTH

Presented by
MR JALLOW
 Introduction
• Schools can be dynamic settings for promoting
health, for enabling children to grow and mature
into healthy adults, yet the potential of the
school to enhance health is often underutilized.'
• School Health’ has largely remained confined to
medical check-ups of children and/or some
hours of health instruction in the curriculum.

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 School Health
• School environmental • Monitoring growth and
survey development
- cleanliness of the
compound / classrooms • Immunisation services
- cleanliness of the toilet
- water supply • School feeding programme
- disposal of waste
• Recreation facilities
• School health survey
– screening • Health promotion
- first aid - (peer) health education
- treatment of minor - disease prevention
ailments and referrals
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 Comprehensive School Health
• In the 1990’s this broader concept of
‘comprehensive school health programmes’ was
further developed in the USA and it was
suggested the following components were part
of this conceptual framework (Kolbe,1993).
• school health education;
• school health services;
• school health environment;

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 Comprehensive School Health
•school physical education programme;
• school food service programme;
• school psychology and counselling
programmes;
• programmes to protect and improve the
health of staff;
• integrated efforts of school and community
agencies to improve the health of school and
students.
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 School Health
• An effective school health programme can be
one of the most cost effective investments a
nation can make to simultaneously improve
education and health.

• WHO promotes school health programmes as

a strategic means to prevent important health
risks among youth and to engage the
education sector in efforts to change the
educational, social, economic and political
conditions that affect risk.
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 School Health
• Worldwide, 5% of all deaths of young people
between the ages of 15 and 29 are
attributable to alcohol use.

• In some countries, up to 60% of all new HIV

infections occur among 15-24 year olds.

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 School health and youth health promotion: facts

• Worm infections are the greatest cause of

disease among 5-14 year old children.
• Vitamin A deficiency is the single greatest cause
of preventable childhood blindness.
• Iodine deficiency is the single most common
preventable cause of mental retardation and
brain damage in children.
• Injury is the leading cause of death and
disability among school-age youth.
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 School health and youth health
promotion: facts
• One out of two young people who start and continue
to smoke will be killed by tobacco-related illness.
• Worldwide, 5% of all deaths of young people
between the ages of 15 and 29 are attributable to
alcohol use.
• In some countries, up to 60% of all new HIV
infections occur among 15-24 year olds.

All of the above health problems can be prevented or

significantly reduced through effective school health
and youth healthHADIGALA
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Preventing leading causes of premature death,
disease and disability

• Many of today's and tomorrow's leading

causes of death, disease and disability
(cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic lung
diseases, depression, violence, substance
abuse, injuries, nutritional deficiencies,
HIV/AIDS/STI and helminth infections) can be
significantly reduced by preventing six
interrelated categories of behaviour, that are
initiated during youth and fostered by social
and political policies and conditions:
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 Six interrelated categories of behaviour
• tobacco use
• behaviour that results in injury and violence
• alcohol and substance use
• dietary and hygienic practices that cause
disease
• sedentary lifestyle
• sexual behaviour that causes unintended
pregnancy and disease
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 Health promotion
• The key guiding principles of Health Promotion are:
o Health is a resource for development.
o Peace, social stability, social justice, respect for
human rights, and equity are pre-requisites for
health.
o Health development requires actions within and
beyond the health sector. Participation and
involvement of individuals and communities is
central to successful health development.
o Actions require integration of different but
complimentary approaches, methods and players.
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 Health promotion
• The guiding principles of health promotion can be applied in a
school setting to improve health among the school community. The
strategies for Health Promotion include:

o skills development among both students and teachers to foster

empowerment for healthy behavior;

o mediating between competing interests in a school setting and

neighboring community;

o creation of conditions that support healthy behavior in the school

community;

o mobilization of resources and social support for health

promotion
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 The Global School Health Initiative (GSHI)
• The Global School Health Initiative, was
launched with an aim of mobilizing and
strengthening health promotion and
education activities at the local, national,
regional and global levels.

• The Initiative is designed to improve the

health of pupils, school personnel, families
and other members of the community through
healthy school environment.
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 The Global School Health Initiative (GSHI)
• The main goal of GSHI is to increase the number
of Schools which are truly “Health Promoting”. A
Health Promoting School is one that has the capacity
to:

• Foster healthy learning using all its potential and

opportunities at its disposal;

• Engage health and education personnel, teachers,

students, parents, and community leaders in efforts
to promote health;
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The Global School Health Initiative (GSHI)

• Provide a safe and healthy environment for all

(both physical and psychosocial) through
collaboration with community and school
programs. These promotion programs include
but are not limited to health education,
nutrition and food safety, opportunities for
physical education, activity and recreation,
school health services, counselling, social
support and school/community projects and
outreaches.
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The Global School Health Initiative (GSHI)
• Provide for the health of school personnel
and their families, community members as
well as pupils’ families, and works with
community to promote health and education;

• Implement school policies, practices, and

other measures that support health, respect the
individual’s self-esteem, provide opportunities
for success, acknowledging good efforts and
intentions as well as personal achievements.
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 HEALTH PROMOTING SCHOOLS INITIATIVE
(HPSI)
• The Health Promoting School Initiative, (HPSI) is based
on the interrelationship between education and health.
It aims at increasing the number of schools which are
truly health promoting and hence contributes to the
overall development and well-being of children,
teachers, parents and the community.

• Successful implementation of HPSI therefore, using

collaborative and participatory approaches, contributes
to the achievement of the global goals of education
for all (EFA) and health for all (HFA).
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 Key of Health Promoting Schools Initiative
(HPSI) interventions at school level
• HPSI interventions at school level should include a minimum
package comprising:
• Implementation of the school health policy or rules and
regulations as appropriate;
• Development of a safe, healthy environment (physical and
psycho-social) which includes:
- adequate, functioning toilets/Latrines);
- safe water for drinking and hand washing;
- appropriate means of waste disposal;
- relation between boys and girls that are respectful, non-
discriminatory;
- a fully gender sensitive environment;
- healthy relations between pupils and teachers etc
- conducive learning environment; and
- personal security. HADIGALA
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Key of Health Promoting Schools Initiative (HPSI)
interventions at school level
• Provision of school health and related
services which includes:
- appropriate, confidential counselling
and other psycho-social services;
- nutritional and food services;
- screening for infections;
- referral of cases as necessary; and
- first aid services
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 Key of Health Promoting Schools Initiative
(HPSI) interventions at school level
• Health education services with a focus on:
- development of life skills to promote adoption
of positive behaviour that enable individuals to deal
effectively with the demands and challenges of everyday
life;

- common diseases, their causes and ways of

prevention;

- knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and values related to

the development of healthy behaviour and health-
promoting conditions;
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 Key of Health Promoting Schools Initiative
(HPSI) interventions at school level
- provision of learning experiences
that allow pupils to practice acquired skills
and model behaviour; and

- adolescent friendly health services to

include but not limited to prevention
of HIV/AIDS, and substance abuse, and
promotion of Mental health, and
Reproductive Health
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 HEALTH PROMOTING SCHOOLS INITIATIVE
(HPSI)
• Health is closely interlinked to education. Good health
and good education are not only ends in themselves,
but also means which provide individuals with the tools
to lead productive and satisfying lives. It is commonly
believed that ‘a child’s ability to attain her or his full
potential is directly related to the complimentary effect
of good health, good nutrition, physical activity and
quality education.

• To attain their educational achievements, children must

fully participate in educational activities. Therefore, they
must be healthy, attentive and emotionally secure.
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 Thank you

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