Membrane structure and function

Zain Al-anani Biology 101 – JU

1) Which of the following types of molecules are major structural component of
the animal cell membrane ?
A. Phospholipids and cellulose B. Nucleic acid and proteins
C. Phospholipids and Proteins D. Proteins and cellulose
E. Glycoproteins and Chitin

2) Ions diffuse across membranes through specific ion channels :

A. Down their chemical gradient B. Down their osmotic potential gradients
C. Down their electrical gradient D. Down their electrochemical gradient

3) The sodium potassium pump is called Electrogenic pump because :

A. Pumps equal quantities of Na+ and K+ across the membrane
B. Pumps hydrogen ions out of the cell
C. Creates a voltage across the membrane
D. Ionizes sodium and potassium atoms
E. Is used to transport sucrose and H+ against their concentration gradient 1) C
2) D
3) C
Zain Al-anani Biology 101 – JU
4) Which component is a peripheral protein ? A – B – C – D – E
5) Which component is cholesterol ? A – B – C – D – E
6) The primary function of component B is :
A. Facilitate diffusion of molecules down their concentration gradient
B. Actively transport molecules against their concentration gradient
C. Maintain the fluid mosaic membrane
D. Maintain membrane fluidity at low temperature
4) C
E. Mediate cell to cell recognition 5) D
6) E
Zain Al-anani Biology 101 – JU
7) Which of the following is not part of cell membrane ?
A. Lipids B. Nucleic acids C. Proteins D. Glycolipids E. All of them

8) Which of the following correct about peripheral membrane protein ?

A. They lack tertiary structure
B. They are loosely bound to the surface of bilayer
C. They are usually transmembrane proteins
D. They are mobile within the bilayer
E. They serve only in cell-cell recognition

9) Which of the following best describes the phospholipids of plasma membrane?

F. Amphipathic
G. Sandwiched between two layers of proteins
H. Held together by ester bond
I. Rarely move laterally 7) B
J. Both A and C 8) B
9) A

Zain Al-anani Biology 101 – JU

10) A cell takes a droplet of liquid containing dissolved material by :
A. Facilitated diffusion B. Exocytosis C. Phagocytosis D. Pinocytosis
E. Sodium potassium pump

11) In plasma membrane of animal cells which substances work as a

(Temperature buffer) ?
A. Glycolipids B. Saturated fatty acids C. Cholesterol D. Triglycerol

12) Which of the following can freely diffuse across phospholipids :

A. Glucose and oxygen B. Glucose and water c. Carbon dioxide and O2
D. Hydrocarbon and K+ ions E. Both C and D

13) Which process does not directly need ATP :

A. Cell movement B. Na+ - K+ pump C. Glycolysis
D. Active transport E. diffusion 10) D
11) C
12) C
13) E
Zain Al-anani Biology 101 – JU
14) Na+ - K+ pumps :
A. Transport Na+ down their concentration gradient
B. Transport K+ down their concentration gradient
C. Are Electrogenic pumps
D. Transport both K+ and Na+ through channel proteins
E. All of the above

15) Red blood cells shrink and plant cells plasmolysis when both are placed
in ---------- solution :
A. Hypertonic B. Isotonic C. Hypotonic D. Any of the above

16) Facilitated diffusion :

A. Require energy B. Is highly specific for a particular molecule
C. Move molecules down their gradient only D. Only B and C are correct
E. All of the above are correct
14) C
15) A
Zain Al-anani 16) D
Biology 101 – JU
 A B C D E
17) Which part of this figure represents cell-cell recognition function of
membrane proteins ? A – B – C – D – E

18) Which part of this figure represents enzymatic activity of membrane

proteins ? A – B – C – D – E

19) A cell take a droplet of liquid containing dissolved material by :

A. Facilitated diffusion B. Exocytosis C. Endocytosis 17) E
D. Pinocytosis E. Sodium potassium pump 18) B
19) D
Zain Al-anani Biology 101 – JU
20) Glucose is taken up by red blood cell by a mechanism called --------- :
A. Simple diffusion B. Facilitated diffusion C. Active transport
E. Cotransport E. Pinocytosis

21) All of the following are functions of membrane protein except of :

A. Enzymatic activity B. RNA production C. Facilitated diffusion
D. Hormonal receptors E. Intercellular joining

22) In which solution plant cell turgid ?

A. Isotonic B. Hypotonic C. Hypertonic D. Dead sea water

23) In certain type of cells , Passage of large amount of water is facilitated

by:
A. Membrane lipid bilayer B. Membrane aquaporin
C. Active transport system D. cotransporter Na+ ions 20) B
21) B
E. cotransporter H+ 22) B
23) B
Zain Al-anani Biology 101 – JU
24) Contractile vacuole in Paramecium :
A. Pump excess water outside the cell B. Help paramecium live in fresh water
C. Involved in phagocytosis D. Involved in pinocytosis E. Only A and B

25) The sodium potassium pump is example for :

A. Active transport B. Endocytosis C. Exocytosis D. Facilitated transport

26) The process of engulfing a solid substances by cell is called :

A. Plasmolysis B. Receptor mediated endocytosis C. Exocytosis
D. Pinocytosis E. Phagocytosis

27) LDL-cholesterol complex in blood is transported into body cells by :

A. Receptor mediated endocytosis B. Simple diffusion C. Active transport
D. Facilitated diffusion E. Cotransport with Na+
24) E
25) A
28) Plant cells take up sucrose by the mechanism of : 26) E
A. Simple diffusion B. Facilitated transport C. Pinocytosis 27) A
D. Cotransport
Zain Al-anani with H+ E. 101
Cotransport with Na+ 28) D
Biology – JU
 An introduction to metabolism
Zain Al-anani Biology 101 – JU
1) Enzyme catalyze reaction by :
A. Lowering activation of energy (EA)
B. Increasing the amount of heat required to begin
C. Allowing reactant to reach transition state faster
D. All of the above E. A and C are true

2) The region of the enzyme which binds to substrate is called ……….. :

A. Allosteric site B. N-terminus C. C-terminus D. Active site E. None

3) Which of the following pairs are mismatched ?

A. ΔG ---- Free energy
B. Enzyme ---- Substrate
C. ATP ---- Mechanical work 1) E
D. Endergonic ---- Spontaneous 2) D
3) D
E. None of the above

Zain Al-anani Biology 101 – JU

4) Exergonic reaction occurs spontaneously with :
A. ΔG < 0 B. ΔG > 0 C. ΔG = 0 D. None of the above

5) ATP powers cellular work when :

A. Hydrolyzed B. Synthesized C. Loses phosphate group
D. A and C E. None of the above

6) In a reaction if the total energy stored in the product is grater than the energy
stored in the reactants , the reaction is describes as :
A. Entropic B. Endergonic C. Exergonic D. Activation E. Thermogenic

7) The minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to occur is called :

A. Activation energy B. Kinetic energy C. Thermal energy
D. Heat E. None of the following
4) A
5) D
6) B
Zain Al-anani Biology 101 – JU 7) A
8) Most enzyme are – have :
A. Named after the reaction they catalyze B. PH and T dependent
C. Specific D. Active site E. All of the above

9) Coupling of the exergonic reaction with endergonic reaction is :

A. Feedback regulation B. Entropy C. Energy coupling
D. Coopertaivity E. Bioenergetics

10) Transferring energy of exergonic reaction to an endergonic reaction is

called :
A. Feedback regulation B. Entropy C. Energy coupling 8) E
9) C
D. Coopertaivity E. Bioenergetics 10) C
11) D
11) A substrate bind to an enzyme’s by its ------------ site :
A. Allosteric B. Reactant C. Product D. Active E. All of the above

Zain Al-anani Biology 101 – JU

 1 2 3 4

12) Which curve represent an enzyme taken from bacterium that lives in hot
spring at T 70 C or more ?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

13) Which curves represents an enzyme that functions in the human stomach?
A. 1 and 3 B. 2 and 3 C. 1 , 2 and 3 D. 4

14) Hydrolysis of ATP result in a release of free energy of -------- kcal-mole : 12) B
13) A
A. 7.3 B. 1.2 C. 20.5 D. 180 E. 168 14) A
Zain Al-anani Biology 101 – JU
15) Which of the following is true about enzymes ?
A. Decrease the rate of the reaction
B. Lowering the activation energy
C. Change the direction of chemical reaction
D. Permanently alter their structure by the reaction their catalyze
E. Provide activation energy for the reaction they catalyze

16) If an enzyme requires Fe+2 for its activity in reaction . The Fe+2 is best
identified as a :
A. Coenzyme B. Cofactor C. Substrate D. Product E. Inhibitor

17) Competitive inhibitors stop an enzyme from working by :

A. Changing the shape of the enzyme B. Binding with the substrate
C. Blocking the active site of the enzyme D. Modifying the product of reaction
15) B
16) B
18) The structure of ATP used in metabolism is most closely related to : 17) C
A. DNA nucleotide B. An amino acid with 3 phosphate groups 18) C
C. RNA nucleotide
Zain Al-anani D. Phospholipid
Biology 101 – JU
 Cellular
respiration
Zain Al-anani Biology 101 – JU
 Zain Al-anani Biology 101 – JU
1) B- Oxidization is :
A. Is the second step in the oxidation of glucose
B. Is process used to oxidize fatty acids
C. Is a process used to delaminate amino acids
D. Is a process used to digest some polysaccharide
E. Both B and C are true

2) In electron transport chain , Which respiratory complex is NOT involved in

the flow of electrons from FADH2 ?
A. Complex I B. Complex II C. Complex III D. Complex IV

3) Which of the following is NOT a product of alcohol fermentation ?

A. ATP B. CO2 C. Ethanol D. NAD+ E. Sucrose
1) B
2) A
4) A key enzyme that regulate glycolysis is : 3) E
A. Hexokinase B. Phosphofructokinase C. Dehydrogenase 4) B
D. Aldolase E. Pyruvate kinase
Zain Al-anani Biology 101 – JU
5) The figure shows the structure of :
A. NAD+ B. NADH C. FADH2 E. FAD+
Answer : NAD+

6) A key enzyme that regulate glycolysis is :

A. Phosphofructokinase B. Hexokinase
C. Aldolase D. Isomerase
E. None of the above
Answer : Phosphofructokinase

7) Most of the citric acid cycle enzymes located in :

Answer : Mitochondrial matrix

8) Electron transport chain is celled :

Answer : Respiratory chain

9) Fatty acids enter cellular respiration as :

Answer : Acetyl – coA
Zain Al-anani Biology 101 – JU
Answer the questions based on :
I. Glycolysis II. Fermentation III. Krebs cycle IV. Electron transport chain

10) Which of the following metabolic pathways occur in the cytosol and results
in a net gain of 2 ATP and 0 NADH ?
A. IV B. II only C. I – II – III D. I – II E. I only

11) In which of the metabolic pathways listed above oxygen is used ?

A. I only B. II only C. III only D. IV only E. I and II

12) Where you can find the electron transport chain in eukaryotic cell ?
A. Thylakoid membrane B. Outer membrane of mitochondria
C. Inner membrane of mitochondria D. Plasma membrane
E. Respiratory membrane
10) B
11) D
12) C

Zain Al-anani Biology 101 – JU

13) Each NADH that enters mitochondrial electron transport system give rise to
------ ATP :
A. 2 B. 3 C. 2.5 D. 4 E. 1.5

14) A chemical reaction that transfer phosphate group from organic molecule to
ADP is described as :
A. Substrate level phosphorylation B. Enzyme coupled reaction
C. Oxidative phosphorylation D. Photophosphorylation 13) C
14) A
15) B
15) In Glycolysis : 16) A
A. Oxygen is needed and CO2 is not produced
B. Oxygen is not needed and CO2 is not produced
C. Water is not produced
D. A and C are true E. B and C are true

16) Which of the following acting as final electron acceptor in respiration ?

A. Oxygen B. NADH C. FADH2 D. None of the following

Zain Al-anani Biology 101 – JU

17) In substrate level phosphorylation , the enzyme which catalyze the
phosphorylation of ADP is called ----------- :
A. ATP Synthase B. Dehydrogenase C. Kinase D. Oxidas E. Aldolase

18) The final product of electron transport chain in cellular respiration is -------- :
A. Water B. ADP C. Oxygen D. NADH E. Cytochromes

19) Dehydrogenase transfer ------------- to NAD+ forming NADH :

A. 1 electron and 1 H+ B. 2 electrons and 1 H+ C. 1 electron and 2 H+
D. 2 electron and 2 H+ E. None of the above

20) Which of the following molecule(s) used in energy investment phase of

glycolysis ?
A. NAD+ B. ATP C. ADP D. Glucose E. B and D
17) C
18) A
19) B
20) E
Zain Al-anani Biology 101 – JU
21) Glycerol produced from digested food can enter glycolysis as :
A. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate B. DHAP C. Pyruvate D. Acetyl-coA

22) In lactic acid fermentation , reduction of one pyruvate molecule yields :

A. 1 NADH and 1 CO2 B. 2 ATP and 1 CO2 C. 1 NADPH and 1 CO2
D. 1 NAD+ E. 1 NAD+ and 1 CO2

23) When amino acids lose their amine group , the process is called :
A. Denaturation B. Decarboxylation C. Deamination D. Hydrolysis

24) During cellular respiration , ATP is produced by substrate level

phosphorylation during :
A. Acetyl-CoA production B. Glycolysis C. Citric acid cycle
D. Glycolysis and acetyl-CoA production E. Glycolysis and citric acid cycle

25) Which of the following electron carrier in the electron transport chain is
mobile ? 21) A
A. FMN B. Cytochrome a3 C. Ubiquinone D. Cytochrome B 22) D
23) C
24) E
Zain Al-anani Biology 101 – JU 25) C
26) Which of the following is not true about glycolysis :
A. Occur in cytosol B. Produces a 4 ATP molecules C. Produce no NADH
D. Is common in aerobic and an aerobic respiration E. None of the above

27) At which stage in respiration does oxygen participate ?

A. Glycolysis B. Citric acid cycle C. Hydrogen ion transport
D. Electron transport chain E. Acetyl CoA formation

28) How many carbon atoms each pyruvate feed into citric acid cycle :
A. 8 B. 3 C. 2 D. 4 E. 6

29) Chemiosmosis in mitochondria :

A. Involve facilitated diffusion of H+ through ATP synthase complex 26) C
B. Occurs under cristae 27) D
C. Occurs only under aerobic conditions 28) C
29) E
D. Couples oxidation of NADH with ADP phosphorylation
E. All of the above
Zain Al-anani Biology 101 – JU
30) Which metabolic pathway is common in both fermentation and cellular
respiration :
A. Citric acid cycle B. Glycolysis C. ETC D. Reduction of pyruvate

31) Which of the following is true about ATP Synthase :

A. Multi subunits of proteins
B. Found in mitochondria and chloroplasts
C. Responsible for chemiosmosis
D. Synthesis ATP
E. All of the above true

32) According to the electron transport chain , NADH feed its electrons to
complex :
30) B
A. I B. II C. III D. IV E. none of the above
31) E
32) A
33) According to the electron transport chain , Cyt a3 found in complex : 33) D
A. I B. II C. III D. IV E. none of the above
Zain Al-anani Biology 101 – JU
Using the figure to answer these questions :
34) The letter A in the figure represents :
A. Citrate
B. Pyruvate
C. Acetyl Co-A
D. Oxaloacetate
E. NADH

35) The process represents by letter B :

A. Produces oxygen B. Produces ATP C. Produces NADPH D. A and C

36) During lactic acid fermentation , NAD+ produced by: 34) B

Reduction of pyruvate to lactate 35) B

37) In alcohol fermentation , NAD+ produced by :

Reduction of acetaldehyde to ethanol

Zain Al-anani Biology 101 – JU

 38) ‫ تحديد جزء معين من حلقة كربس وحدد النواتج في هذا الجزء‬: ‫ أحد األسئئلة المتكررة‬.

39) Which of the following true about cellular respiration :

Spontaneous – G is negative – Need no input of energy

40) According to cellular respiration equation :

Glucose is oxidized and O2 is reduced

41) NAD+ represent :

Nicotimide adenine dinucleotide

Zain Al-anani Biology 101 – JU

1) In plants , carbon dioxides is fixed during :
A. Cyclic electron flow B. Non-cyclic electron flow C. Calvin cycle
D. The light reaction of photosynthesis E. None of the above

2) In the Calvin cycle , ribulose bis phosphate is re-generated from :

A. NADP+ B. Pyruvate C. G3P D. RuBP E. CO2

3) P680 is :
A. The reaction center of PSI B. The reaction center of PSII
C. An antenna molecule D. A secondary pigment molecule

4) Which are the end products of photosynthetic electron non-cyclic flow ?

A. Oxygen , ATP , and NADPH B. G3P , protons , and CO2
C. Water , ADP , ribulose bisphosphate D. FADH2 , NADH , and ATP

Zain Al-anani Biology 101 – JU

5) Chloroplasts found in ------------- of leaves :
A. Mesophyll B. Stomata C. Stroma D. Vascular tissues

6) Chlorophyll found in ------------ :

A. Stroma B. Thylakoid space C. Thylakoid membrane D. Stroma

7) The source od oxygen produced during photosynthesis is ---------- :

A. Water B. Carbon dioxide C. Organic molecules D. Light

8) Which of the following is true about photosystem I :

Used in both cyclic and linear electron flow.

9) The source of oxygen produced during photosynthesis is :

Answer: Splitting of water

Zain Al-anani Biology 101 – JU

11) Stages of photosynthesis (‫)بالترتيب‬
Answer : Carbon fixation – Reduction – Regeneration of CO2 acceptor

12) The sugar used during carbon fixation is :

Answer : Ribulose bisphosphate

13) The enzyme that catalyze carbon fixation is :

Answer : Rubisco

14) Which of the following is true about light reaction :

Answer : Produce no sugar - Use water to produce oxygen

15) According to the photosynthesis equation :

Answer : CO2 is Reduced and H2O oxidized

16) The light reaction occur in :

Answer : Thylakoid membrane
Zain Al-anani Biology 101 – JU
17) To produce one G3P molecule , Calvin cycle need :
Answer : 9 ATP – 6 NADPH – 3 CO2

18) Calvin cycle occur in :

Answer : Stroma

19) Which of the following is true about light reaction :

Answer : it is depend directly on light

20) Which of the following translocate H+ from stroma to thylakoid space ?

Answer : Cytochrome complex

21) Which of the following is used as reducing power during calvin cycle ?
Answer : NADPH

22) Photosystem consists of :

Answer : Reaction center complex + Light harvesting complex
Zain Al-anani Biology 101 – JU